World War I: “The war to end all wars”

World War I:

• “The war to end all wars”

The end of the Enlightenment

The end of the Enlightenment

• “Technology is no longer used for the betterment of mankind”

The “Spark” -What started the “war to end all wars”

Technology

Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships)

Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships)

• Machine Guns

Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships)

• Machine Guns

• Tanks- British perfected these!

Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships)

• Machine Guns

• Tanks- British perfected these!

• Airplanes

Technology

• U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships)

• Machine Guns

• Tanks- British perfected these!

• Airplanes

• Tear Gas- Chemical Warfare (Germans used heavily)

Major Battles:

Major Battles:

• Verdun: German Offensive.

Major Battles:

• Verdun: German Offensive.

• February 21st to December 18th 1916.

Major Battles:

• Verdun: German Offensive.

• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed

Major Battles:

• Verdun: German Offensive.

• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed

• Ypres: A single battle. G.B. attacks German position.

Major Battles:

• Verdun: German Offensive.

• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed

• Ypres: A single battle - G.B. attacks German position.

• July 31st to December 18th 1917.

Major Battles:

• Verdun: German Offensive.

• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed

• Ypres: A single battle - G.B. attacks German position.

• July 31st to December 18th 1917.
• 245,000 British dead, 260,000 Germans dead, 8,000 French dead

Major Battles:

• Verdun: German Offensive.

• February 21st to December 18th 1916.
• 700,000 killed

• Ypres: A single battle - G.B. attacks German position.

• July 31st to December 18th 1917.
• 245,000 British dead, 260,000 Germans dead, 8,000 French dead
• 60,000 British soldiers drowned in the mud.

U.S.: Nation of Isolation

U.S.: Nation of Isolation

• Many remembered the Civil War and did not want to enter

U.S.: Nation of Isolation

• Many remembered the Civil War and did not want to enter

• President Wilson did not want to wage war on Germany.

Why should the US Fight?

• German attacks on civilian cruise ships (Lusitania and Sussex) prompted US citizens for retaliation.

• Zimmerman telegram:

U.S. Enters the War

• April 6, 1917 The Senate and the House vote to declare war on Germany.

• First troops arrived in September and first battle involving US troops was in October

• More than 4.7 Million service members served

• 50,000 American lives lost.

• 200,000 wounded.

Conditions

Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold

Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold

• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets, rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)

Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold

• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets, rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)

• Trenches were usually flooded, infested with rats, dead bodies

Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold

• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets, rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)

• Trenches were usually flooded, infested with rats, dead bodies

• Food was scarce and horrible

Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold

• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets, rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)

• Trenches were usually flooded, infested with rats, dead bodies

• Food was scarce and horrible

• Lice and fleas in barracks

Conditions

• Winter of 1917 very cold

• Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets, rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)

• Trenches were usually flooded, infested with rats, dead bodies

• Food was scarce and horrible

• Lice and fleas in barracks

• Epidemics of the flu and measles.

Russia’s Exit

Russia’s Exit

• As Americans enter the war, the Russians exit.

Russia’s Exit

• As Americans enter the war, the Russians exit.

• Russians have lost great number of soldiers, food is scarce, they are tired of fighting.

Russia’s Exit

• As Americans enter the war, the Russians exit.

• Russians have lost great number of soldiers, food is scarce, they are tired of fighting.

• Bolshevik Revolution (communists) take over Russia in a Coup (overthrow of government)

Russia’s Exit

• As Americans enter the war, the Russians exit.

• Russians have lost great number of soldiers, food is scarce, they are tired of fighting.

• Bolshevik Revolution (communists) take over Russia in a Coup (overthrow of government)

• Nicholas II is killed.

The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.

The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.

• Germany’s resources are few, but still more than the Allies.

The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.

• Germany’s resources are few, but still more than the Allies.

• France is almost defeated.

The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.

• Germany’s resources are few, but still more than the Allies.

• France is almost defeated.

• US enters with more soldiers and weapons and drives Germany back.

The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.

• Germany’s resources are few, but still more than the Allies.

• France is almost defeated.

• US enters with more soldiers and weapons and drives Germany back.

• US helps by destroying German submarines in the Atlantic Ocean.

The End is Near

• Russia has pulled out.

• Germany’s resources are few, but still more than the Allies.

• France is almost defeated.

• US enters with more soldiers and weapons and drives Germany back.

• US helps by destroying German submarines in the Atlantic Ocean.

• Austria-Hungary withdraws from the war and Germany asks for peace.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles

• Germany loses 13% of territory in Europe and all territory in Africa (colonies)

Treaty of Versailles

• Germany loses 13% of territory in Europe and all territory in Africa (colonies)

• Germany lost Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia (they become independent)

Treaty of Versailles

• Germany loses 13% of territory in Europe and all territory in Africa (colonies)

• Germany lost Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia (they become independent)

• Poland regains most of its land

Treaty of Versailles

• Germany loses 13% of territory in Europe and all territory in Africa (colonies)

• Germany lost Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia (they become independent)

• Poland regains most of its land

• Austria-Hungary divided into independent nations.

Treaty of Versailles

• Britain and France take over Ottoman Empire (Turkey) who sided with Germany.

Treaty of Versailles

• Britain and France take over Ottoman Empire (Turkey) who sided with Germany.

• Germany has to give up most of its military equipment including submarine fleet and railroads.

Treaty of Versailles

• Britain and France take over Ottoman Empire (Turkey) who sided with Germany.

• Germany has to give up most of its military equipment including submarine fleet and railroads.

• Germany must pay reparations of $100 million.- Woodrow Wilson demands this!

Effects of Treaty

Effects of Treaty

• Germany comes close to economic collapse.- Had to pay war damages

Effects of Treaty

• Germany comes close to economic collapse.- Had to pay war damages

• League of Nations: group of Nations combined to ensure there would be no more war.

Effects of Treaty

• Germany comes close to economic collapse.- Had to pay war damages

• League of Nations: group of Nations combined to ensure there would be no more war.

• Rise of communism in Eastern Europe (ban of communist literature in US)

World War I: By the Numbers:

World War I: By the Numbers

World War I: By the Numbers

World War I: By the Numbers

World War I: By the Numbers

World War I: By the Numbers

World War I: By the Numbers