Xorazm ma’mun akademiyasi axborotnomasi – /2020 Ўзбекистон республикаси фанлар академияси минтақавий бўлими

XORAZM MA’MUN AKADEMIYASI AXBOROTNOMASI –11/3-2022__________ 
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method of music therapy, presented by N. Nordoff and Сlive Robbins, was based on achieving 
maximum socialization of disabled children. 
The authors suggested using both individual and group forms of work, believing that music is 
based on a deeply personal and broad social program. This musical method is based on improvisation 
and is one of the most effective forms of psychotherapeutic influence. A distinctive feature of the 
Scandinavian school of music therapy is the recognition of music not only as an aesthetic value, but 
also as an important value that has a unifying power and healing properties Other areas of music 
therapy in the Scandinavian countries include: vibroacoustic therapy, structural-ecological model 
therapy, interactive communicative therapy, therapy based on the systematization of social processes. 
At the Birmingham Center for Art Therapy (BCAT), vocal improvisation, songwriting and 
musical composition are recognized as core techniques. Kinderzentrum München, one of the largest 
children's health centers in Germany, uses music therapy based on the orchestral system of K. Orff 
for children with physical and mental disabilities, as well as neurological and physical disabilities. At 
the University of Magdeburg-Stendhal, Professor T. Vosch gave a series of lectures on the activities 
of the Active Group (AGMT) in the course "Socio-Pedagogical Rehabilitation with Music". This 
method is used in many countries - the USA, Canada, countries of Western and Eastern Europe, in 
work with children with disabilities, as well as in the clinic of psychosomatic diseases.
If we look at the history of music therapy, the Prague therapist L. Raudnits was a physician who 
first studied the influence of music on mental illness in 1848. In 1959 in Vienna, in 1973 in Germany, 
the “Association for Music Therapy” was established. In China, music therapy has existed since 
ancient times, but modern methods of therapy have become widespread since the 80s of the XX 
century. It is gratifying that the importance of the long-forgotten method of music therapy in the 
world has again received wide recognition in recent years. [Uçaner, Jelen, 2015/1, 36]. 
Music affects the listener and awakens his emotions through repetitive rhythms, soft and 
melodic melodies. Musical influence, being a universal phenomenon, is a system characterized by 
the aesthetic enjoyment of each people. The epic performance of the Uzbek bakhshi as a form of 
ancient general Turkic aesthetics can be acceptable for the Turkic peoples and peoples who grew up 
in a pentatonic environment, such as China and Japan. However, for a Russian or English listener, 
the pentatonic scale sounds relatively simple. For example, even in Uzbekistan, the performance of 
bakhshi is not so popular in the Ferghana Valley. Naturally, it is revered as a national musical value, 
but the inhabitants of the valley do not get as much pleasure from performing bakhshi as they do from 
listening to maqoms. People living in the Surkhan oasis do not enjoy maqom too much. The aesthetic 
taste of the inhabitants of the valley and the oasis in relation to the askiya genre is also different.
It is emphasized that in order to understand the relationship between culture and music in 
science, problems should be discussed together. Musicologist A.J. Illis, having determined the 
musical tone of different peoples, distinguishes that the musical sequence of sounds arranged as a 
means of communication is not the same. Accordingly, he writes that musical systems are cultural 
activities and that they are regulative principles relating to other forms of social activity. He notes 
that musical differences in the world (singularity or polyphony, the choice of small or large intervals, 
the complexity or simplicity of rhythmic structure, and so on) come from specific cultural knowledge 
and ideas that have been formed over the centuries. 
Abu Nasr Farabi is one of the great thinkers of the Turkic people, who deeply understood the 
healing power of music and thought about it. He classifies the influence of statuses on the human 
psyche as follows. 
Proper Maqom: brings peace to people.
Maqom Rahavi: Gives people a sense of eternity.
Small Maqom: makes people sad.
Large Maqom: instills fear in people.
Maqom Isfahan: gives people mobility and self-confidence.
Maqom Navo: gives people pleasure and refreshment.
Maqom Ushshak: gives people a sense of humor.
Maqom Zirgula: gives peace to people.

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