Xusanov kamol mutalib oʻGʻlining “Matematika o’qitish metodikasi ” fanidan

3.0 ‘nlikdan o ‘tish bilan ayirish usullariga misollar keltiring.

11 dan 6 sonini ayirish uchun 6 soni bo‘laklab ayiriladi. Bu quyidagicha bajariladi: Birinchi usul. 1) Dastlab 10 hosil bo‘lishi uchun 11 dan 1 sonini ayirish kerak:

1. 
   - 1 = 10
   

1. 
   6 – bu 1 + 5 ekanligi ma’lum. 11 dan 1 ayi rildi, yana 5 ni ayirish kerak.
   

Demak, 10 - 5 = 5 Buni shunday yozish mumkin:

Ikkinchi usul. 11 - bu 6+5 dan iborat bo‘lgani uchun misolni bunday yechish mumkin;

11 - 6 = 5 11 - 5 = 6 Qisqacha bunday yoziladi:



2-masalani og'zaki va yozma ravishda bajarish.

Oziq-ovqat do‘koniga 16 quti konfet va pechenie keltirildi. Konfetlar 6 quti bo‘lsa, necha quti peche nie keltirilgan?

Qisqa shart tuzib, shu asosida masalani ishlash.

Jami – 16 quti

Konfetlar – 6 quti

Pecheniylar- ? quti.

Yechish:

16 – 6 = 10 (quti). Javob: 10 quti.

3-misol. Shunday son qo‘yingki, tenglik to‘g‘- ri bo‘lsin:

9 + 2 =11 11 - 6 =5 8 + 7 =15

7 + 4 =11 11 - 5 = 6 9 + 5 =14

4. Yig‘indini songa qo‘shish, sondan yig’indini ayirish,yig‘indini yig‘indiga qo‘shish, yig‘indidan yig‘indini ayirish xossalarining qo‘llanilishini 100 (11-21, 21 -100) ichida qo‘shish va ayirish amallari misollarida ko‘rsating.

1) 34+20=(30+4)+20=(30+20)+4=54

2) 34+2=(30+4)+2=30+(4+2)=36

3) 54+6=(50+4)+6=50+(4+6)=60

II. Yig‘indidan sonni ayirish.

1) 48–30=(40+8)–30=(40–30)+8=18

2) 48–3=(40+8)–3=40+(8–3)=45

3) 30–6=(20+10)–6=20+10–6)=24

III. Songa yig‘indini qo‘shish.

1) 9+5=9+(1+4)=(9+1)+4=14

2) 36+7=36+(4+3)=(36+4)+3=43

3) 40+16=40+(10+6)=(40+10)+6=56

4) 45+18=45+(10+8)=(45+10)+8=63

IV. Sondan yig‘indini ayirish.

1) 12–5=12–(2+3)=(12–2)–3=7

2) 36–7=36–(6+1)=(36–6)–1=29

3) 40–16=40–(10+6)=(40–10)–6=24

4) 45–12=45–(10+2)=(45–10)–2=33

5) 45–18=45–(10+8)=(45–10)–8=27

5. 0‘nlikdan o‘tish bilan qo‘shish va ayirishning xossalari bo‘yicha nazorat ishi tuzing.

1.Ustun shaklida qo‘shing:

256 + 321 407 + 352 832 + 160

2.Hisoblang

154 – 146 361 – 225 744 – 237

273 – 148 452 – 234 875 – 356

342 – 116 675 – 347 982 – 578

3.Ustun shaklida qo‘shing:

138 + 245 336 + 426 744 + 237

247 + 328 508 + 384 825 + 156

4. Tikuvchilik korxonasida birinchi kuni 128 ta, erta siga undan 16 ta ortiq ko‘ylak tikildi. Ikki kunda nechta ko‘ylak tikilgan?