Youth problems

Abdulla Avloniy
Abdulla Avloniy (born on July 12, 1878, Tashkent – August 25, 1934, Tashkent) was one of the representatives of Uzbek national culture at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. He was poet, playwright, journalist, scholar, and public and community leader.
Avloniy was born on July 12, 1878, in the Mergancha neighborhood of Tashkent. Due to economic difficulties in his family, he engaged in various occupations from a young age, such as farming, hide tanning, blacksmithing, carpentry, and gardening. During his childhood, he began his education at the Madrasa in O`qchi neighborhood at the age of 12. He started writing poetry according to the prevailing fashion from the age of 14. He initially attended an old-style school and later continued his education in the madrasa (1885–1995). After completing his studies at the madrasa, he became a teacher. He closely followed newspapers and journals while he was living in Orenburg, Kazan, and Tiflis.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Avloniy became involved in the Jadidist movement. In 1904, Avloniy opened a Jadid school in Mirabad. He started publishing his poetry in 1906. Avloniy learned Arabic, Persian, and Russian, and translated works by thinkers and writers such as Leo Tolstoy and Konstantin Ushinsky into Uzbek. In 1906, he founded the "Taraqqiy" magazine, and in 1907, he published the "Shuhrat" newspaper from his home. After these publications were shut down, he started the "Osiyo" newspaper in a clandestine manner in 1908.However, the government later suppressed this newspaper as well. Avloniy was the first to suggest teaching subjects like chemistry, geography, physics, and astronomy in schools.He worked to promote education by establishing a school for local children in the Mirobod neighborhood of Tashkent in 1908. He also taught subjects like language and literature. In 1909, he founded the "Jamiyati xayriya" to educate orphans. In the same year, he published the first volume of a collection of his poetic works titled "Adabiyot yoxud milliy sheʼrlar" (Literature or National Poems).In 1912, Avloniy opened a two-grade school in Tashkent's "Degrez mahalla." This school differed from conventional schools in that it offered worldly subjects.
Avloniy wrote textbooks and teaching materials for new schools and published them, including "Birinchi muallim" (The First Teacher) in 1911, "Ikkinchi muallim" (The Second Teacher) in 1912, "Turkiy guliston yoxud axloq" (Turkestan or the People) in 1913, "Adabiyot yoxud milliy sheʼrlar" (Literature or National Poems) collection from 1909 to 1915, "Maktab gulistoni" (The School Garden) in 1915, "Mardikorlar ashuvlasi" (The Laborers' Encampment) in 1917, and others.[5][2][3][4] He, along with intellectuals like Munavvarqori, Muhammadjon Podshoxoʻjayev, Tavallo, Rustambek Yusufbekov, Nizomiddin Xoʻjayev, Shokirjon Rahimiy, co-founded the "Nashriyot" (Publishing) company in 1914 and the "Maktab" (School) company in 1916. Avloniy also used his theatrical knowledge to uplift the people, forming the "Turkiston" theater troupe in 1913. He translated and staged several plays from 1910 to 1916.His plays were performed in cities like Tashkent, Fergana, Andijon, Kokand, and Khujand, offering a vivid portrayal of Turkestan's life in the early 20th century. Avloniy's theater troupe included talented actors like Mannon Uygʻur, Hamza, and Azerbaijani playwrights Uzayr Hojibekov, and Ruhullo.[3] However, after the October Revolution, the promise of freedom and independence for the people was not fulfilled, which led to a sense of disillusionment reflected in his poem "Xafalik soatda" (In the Time of Trouble) in 1919.In 1917, Avloniy published the "Turon" newspaper, which covered political and social events. In 1918, he played a key role in establishing the "Ishtirokiyun" newspaper and became its editor. From 1919 to 1920, he served as the political representative and consul of the Soviet government in Afghanistan.He also worked as the Minister of Public Education in Afghanistan. He was the chief editor of the "Kasabachilik harakati" (Craftsmen's Movement) journal in 1921.From 1921, Avloniy dedicated himself to opening schools, educating the people, teaching Uzbek girls, and training teachers. He served as the head of women's and men's educational institutions (inpros) in Eski Shahar from 1923 to 1924, a teacher at the Tashkent Military School from 1924 to 1929.