Zarurat va muhimlikni bildirish fe’llari

Zarurat va muhimlikni bildirish fe’llari

Zarurat va muhimlikni bildirgan fe’llar «to»siz infinitiv shaklida yoki «should+infinitiv» shaklida ishlatilib, faqat ma’lum fe’llar va iboralardan keyingina qo’llaniladi. So’nggi yillarda oliy o’quv yurtlariga kirish imtihonlarida aynan mana shu mavzu asosida tuzilgan savollar ko’p uchrayapti.
Zarurat va muhimlikni anglatuvchi fe’llarning ishlatilishi va tarjimasiga e’tibor bering:

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  I suggest that he study – Men uning o’qishini maslahat beraman (uning o’qishi zarur).
  
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  Is it essential that we be there? – Bizning u yerda bo’lishimiz zarurmi?
  
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  Don recommended that you join the committee – Don Sizning qo’mitaga qo’shilishingizni tavsiya etdi (uning fikricha, Sizning qo’mitaga qo’shilishingiz muhim ekan).
  

Bu turdagi fe’llar har doim ma’lum bir fe’llar va iboralardan keyin «THAT» orqali boshqa bir gapning bog’lanishida keladi.
Yuqorida ko’rsatilganidek zarurat va muhimlikni anglatuvchi fe’llar quyidagi mahsus fe’llardan keyin ishlatiladi. Ya’ni, quyidagi fe’llardan keyin «THAT» orqali bog’langan gaplarda zarurat va muhimlikni anglatuvchi fe’llar «to»siz infinitiv yoki «should+infinitiv» tarzida ishlatiladi:

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  to advise (that) – maslahat berdiki
  
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  to ask (that) – so’radiki
  
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  to command (that) – buyurdiki
  
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  to demand (that) – talab qildiki
  
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  to desire (that) – xohladiki
  
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  to insist (that) – turib oldiki
  
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  to propose (that) – so’radiki
  
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  to recommend (that) – tavsiya etdiki
  
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  to request (that) – talab qildiki
  
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  to suggest (that) – taklif qildiki
  
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  to urge (that) – ta’kidladiki
  

Yuqoridagi fe’llarning ishlatilishini quyidagi misollarda ko’ring:

• 
  Dr. Smith asked that Mark submit his research paper before the end of the month.
  
• 
  Donna requested Frank come to the party.
  
• 
  The teacher insists that her students be on time.
  

Bundan tashqari zarurat va muhimlikni bildirish fe’llari quyidagi iboralardan keyin ham ishlatiladi:

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  It is best (that)
  
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  It is crucial (that)
  
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  It is desirable (that)
  
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  It is essential (that)
  
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  It is imperative (that)
  
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  It is important (that)
  
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  It is recommended (that)
  
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  It is urgent (that)
  
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  It is vital (that)
  
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  It is a good idea (that)
  
• 
  It is a bad idea (that)
  

Misollarga e’tibor bering:

• 
  It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives.
  
• 
  It is important she attend the meeting.
  
• 
  It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon.
  

Zarurat va muhimlikni anglatuvchi fe’llar inkor, majhul va davomli zamon shakllarida ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Misollarga e’tibor bering:
Inkor shakl:

• 
  The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting.
  
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  The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours.
  
• 
  I suggest that you not take the job without renegotiating the salary.
  

Majhul nisbat shakli:

• 
  Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately.
  
• 
  Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotiations.
  
• 
  We suggested that you be admitted to the organization.
  

Davomli zamon shakli:

• 
  It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane.
  
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  It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over.
  
• 
  I propose that we all be waiting in Tim’s apartment when he gets home.
  

Yuqorida aytib o’tilgandek, o’zidan keyin zarurat va muhimlikni talab qiluvchi mahsus fe’llar va iboralardan keyin zarurat va muhimlikni anglatuvchi fe’llar «to»siz infinitiv YOKI «should+infinitiv» ko’rinishida kelishi mumkin. Umuman olganda, «to»siz infinitiv keladimi, «should+infinitiv» birikmasi keladimi, farqi yo’q! Mana oddiy tenglama:
Tom suggested that you come = Tom suggested that you should come.
Zarurat va muhimlikni bildiruvchi fe’llarning «should+infinitiv» birikmasi ko’rinishida kelgan holatiga misollar:

• 
  The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about the problem.
  
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  Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for the final exam.
  

Bundan keyin test bajarayotganingizda yuqorida tushuntirilgan zarurat va muhimlikni bildiruvchi fe’llar asosida berilgan savollarga e’tiborliroq bo’ling. Bunday gaplar asosida berilgan test savollariga to’g’ri javob yoki «to»siz infinitiv, yoki «should+infinitiv» ko’rinishidagi fe’l bo’ladi. Bitta testda ikkala javob variant sifatida bir vaqtda berilmaydi. Ikkala holat ham to’g’ri.