Zaxiriddin muxammad bobur nomidagi andijon davlat universiteti
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ingliz tilida shaklan faqat birlikda turuvchi otlar va ularning ozbek tilidagi muqobillari qiyosiy tahlili hamda linguodidaktika muammolari
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- French
Politsiyaning aytishicha, ular shu tartibsizlikka dahldor yigirmata odamni hibsga
olgan.
More than one hundred police have ringed the area. Yuzdan ortiq politsiyachilar hududni qurshab oldi.
va odamlar, insonlar deb tarjima qilinadi. Frances was precisely at that age when young people are most jealous of their station in society; neither quite a woman, nor yet a child. Fransiz jamiyatda yoshlar sho’h bo’ladigan huddi o’sha yoshda edi; na bir ayol ham emas, bola ham emas. [12, 10]
Bu so’zning boshqa ma’nolari ham bor: qarindoshlar, oila a’zolari, halq va millat ma’nolari ham mavjud. Masalan: Her people come from Scotland originally. Uning kelib chiqishi Shotlandiyalik. Ya’ni uning urug’-aymog’i, tag-tugi, ajdodlari Shotlandiyadan – degan ma’noni beradi.
The French are known as a food-loving people. Fransuzlar taom sevuvchi halq hisoblanadi. Bu gapda people so’zi orqali butun Fransiyaning halqi nazarda tutilmoqda va kesim bilan ko’plikda moslashmoqda. Who are these people? Bu odamlar kim? How many people are there in your family? Oilangizda necha odam/kishi bor? Bu gaplarda ham people so’zi kesim bilan ko’plikda moslashmoqda.
Quyida Amerika yozuvchisi John Steinbeckning “Cup of Gold” asaridan olingan misolni beramiz, bunda people so’zi ishtirok etgan: And all the people at London are thieves, dirty thieves. Londondagi hamma odamlar o’g’rilar, yaramas o’g’rilardir.
“People there are at London, and they do nothing but drive about and about in carriages, up one street and down another, bowing to each other, while good men sweat out their lives in the fields and the mines to keep them bowing there. London
41
shunday odamlar borki, yaxshi odamlar dalada va ko’mir konida ter to’kib ishlab yurgan bir paytda, ular hech narsa qilmaydi, balki doim ot aravada u ko’chadan bu ko’chaga o’tib yuradilar va bir biriga ta’zim qilib o’tadilar. [21, 18- 85]
Luckily, perhaps, the world is not operated by youth. Baxtimizga, ehtimol, dunyoni yoshlar boshqarmaydi. [21,129].
Bu gapdagi youth so’zi birlik shaklida turibdi. Bu so’z aslida yoshlik yoki yoshlar deb tarjima qilinadi. Biz bu otni yoshlar so’zi orqali tarjima qildik, chunki shu so’z ko’proq yaqin keldi. Bundan tashqari, bu so’z yana yigit, yosh odam ma’nolarida ham keladi. Bu holatda esa youth so’zi kesim bilan birlikda moslashadi: A 17-year- old youth was remanded in custody yesterday. Kecha 17-yoshli yigitchani yana qaytarib qamoqqa olib kirib qo’yishdi. [3]
Ingliz tilidagi milk so’zi sanalmaydigan ot hisoblanib doim birlikdagi kesim bilan moslashadi. Quyida biz Agata Kristining “The four big” asaridan olingan misol beramiz, unda milk so’zi ishtirok etgan: Grant had gone to the farm to fetch the milk, which he does every day, and Betsy had stepped out to have a chat with a neighbor. Grant har kun qiladigan ishi, ya’ni fermaga sut olib kelgani ketdi, Betsi esa qo’shnisini ko’rib qolib gurunglashib turardi. [15,13]
Ingliz tilidagi fruit so’zi ham sanalmaydigan ot hisoblanadi va ko’plikda ham birlikda ham kesim bilan moslashadi. There is much (little) fruit this year. Bu yil meva ko’p (oz) bo’ldi. Bu so’zning boshqa ma’nosi ham bor, ya’ni natija, samara ma’nolari bor. Agar fruit so’zi shu ma’noda kelsa, u ko’plik shaklida bo’ladi va kesim bilan ham ko’plikda moslashadi:
natijalaridan rohatlanib o’tiribdi. (Janob Smit qilgan mehnati samaralaridan rohatlanyapti.) [3]
Ingliz tilidagi tea va sugar so’zlari ham sanalmaydigan ot hisoblanib, ko’pligi ham birlik shakli ham bir xil shaklga ega va kesim bilan birlikda moslashadi. Quyida biz Irlandiyalik mashxur yozuvchi Jeyms Joysning “Ulysses” asaridan olingan misolni beramiz, unda tea va sugar so’zi qatnashgan: 42
Sit down. Pour out the tea there. The sugar is in the bag. O’tiring. Ana u choydan quying. Shakar haltada turibdi. [6, 2]
Yana misollar keltiramiz: There is much tea in the bottle. Butilkada choy ko’p. There is a lot of sugar in the sack. Qopda shakar ko’p. Agar tea so’zi ko’plik shaklida kelsa, ya’ni unga “-s” qo’shilib kelsa, demak choy quyilgan stakan yoki piyola soni nazarda tutiladi. Bunday holatlar ovqatlanish muassasalarida uchraydi: Two teas, please! – Bizga ikkita choy keltiring! (Bu yerda, aslida, Two cups of tea – Ikki chashka choy nazarda tutilmoqda). Agar sugar so’zi ko’plikda, ya’ni sugars shaklida ishlatilsa, demak shakar solingan qoshiq yoki oqqand bo’lagi miqdori nazarda tutiladi: I'll have mine black with two sugars. Menga qora kofe ikki qoshiq shakari bilan (yoki Menga qora kofe ikkita oqqand bilan). Sugar so’zi yana bir holatda ko’plikda ishaltilar ekan, ya’ni o’simlikdagi yoki organizmdagi shakar ma’nosida kelganda: Plants produce sugars and starch to provide themselves with energy. O’somliklar o’zlarini energiya bilan ta’minlash uchun o’zidan shakarlar ishlab chiqaradi. The natural sugars found in grape juice. Uzum shqrbatida uchraydigan shakarlar. [3]
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