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Т ошкент-2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS
^The^foreword³
^Chapter^I^.^Introduction⁴
^1.1^.^{The subject and problems of physics of atmosphere 4}
1.2. Research methods of physics of atmosphere 5
^1.3.^Features^of^atmospheric^processes⁷
¹^.4.^{Communication}^of^physics^of^atmosphere^with^other^sciences^.^Division^into
^scientific^disciplines⁹
^1.5.^The^{international}^cooperationⁱⁿ^the^field^of^physics^of^atmosphere¹⁰
^1.6.^Practical^value^of^physics^of^atmosphere¹¹
^Chapter^II^.^The^general^data^on^atmosphere¹⁴
²^.1.^Structure^of^dry^air^at^the^surface^of^ground^.^Its^change^with^height¹⁴
^{2.2. Carbonic gas and ozo}^neⁱⁿ^atmosphere¹⁵
²^.3.^Gas^impurityⁱⁿ^atmosphere¹⁷
^2.4.^Atmospheric^aerosol¹⁷
^2.5.^{Water evaporation in atmosphere 21}
²^.^6.^{Characteristics}^of^air^humidity^,^the^parity^between^them²²
²^.^6.^The^equation^of^the^condition^of^damp^air^.^Virtual^temperature²⁴
^2.7.^The^vertical^structure^of^atmosphere²⁶
^{2.8. Horizontal heterogeneity of atmosphere. Concept about air weights and fron}^t^s
29
^{Chapter III. Distribution o}^f^pressureⁱⁿ^atmosphere³³
^3.^{1. The basic equation of the statics of atmosphere 33}
³^.2.^Barometric^formulas³⁵
^3.3.^Baric^step⁴¹
^3.4.^Application^of^barometrical^formulas⁴²
^3.5.^Standard^atmosphere⁴³
^3.6.^The^geopotential^.^Absolute^and^relative^height^.^Isobaric^surfaces⁴⁴
^3.7.^Baric^systems⁴⁶
^3.8^.^The^daily^course^of^pressure⁵⁰
^Chapter^IV^.^Bases^of^the^{thermodynamics}^of^atmosphere⁵²
^{4.1. The basic equatio}^ns⁵²
⁴^.2.^Adiabatic^process⁵³
^4.3^.^Potential^temperature⁵⁵
^4.⁴^.^Potential^temperature^and^entropy⁵⁷
^4.5.^Humid^-^adiabatic^processes⁵⁸
4.6. Convection. The stratification of atmosphere in relation to dry-adiabatic and humid-adiabatic movement of the particle of air 61
4.7. The daily course of stratification. Stratification of air weights 63 4.8. Potential stability and instability 65
⁴^.9.^Energy^of^instability^.^{Thermodynamic}^schedules⁶⁷
^Chapter^V^.^The^radiating^mode^of^atmosphere⁷⁰
^5.1.^Solar^radiation^.^{Spectral structure. A solar constant 70}
^{5.2 Basic laws of radiation}
^5.3.^Absorption^and^dispersion^of^solar^radiationⁱⁿ^{atmosphere 72}
^5.4.^The^law^of^easing^.^{Characteristics}^of^the^transparency^of^atmosphere⁷⁶
^{5.5. Integrated characteristics of the transparency of atmosphere 79}
⁵^.6.^Kinds^of^solar^radiation⁸¹
^5.7.^Reflected^solar^radiation^.^Albedo⁸⁴
5.8. Long-wave radiation of the terrestrial surface and atmospheres. Effective radiation 86
^5.9.^Radiating^balance^of^the^terrestrial^surface^and^atmosphere⁸⁹
^{Chapter VI. The}^thermal^condition^of^the^terrestrial^surface^and^atmosphere
95
6.1. The equation of thermal balance of the terrestrial surface 95 6.2. Temperatures of the terrestrial surface 96
⁶^.3.^Distribution^of^heat^to^ground^and^water⁹⁹
^6.4.^Convectional^and^turbulent^streams^of^heat^.^Inflow^of^heat¹⁰²
^6.5.^The^equation^of^inflow^of^heatⁱⁿ^the^turbulent^atmosphere¹⁰⁴
^{6.6. Daily ch}^a^nges^of^temperature^of^airⁱⁿ^the^boundary^layer^of^atmosphere
108
^6.7.^Inversions^of^{temperature in atmosphere 112}
⁶^.8.^Distribution^of^temperatureⁱⁿ^troposphere^and^the^bottom^stratosphere¹¹⁵
^Chapter^VII^.^The^water^mode^of^atmosphere¹¹⁹
^7.¹^.^The^general^data^about^moisture^circulation^on^the^ground¹¹⁹
^7.2.^The^equation^of^water^steam^carryⁱⁿ^the^turbulent^atmosphere¹²⁰
^7.3.^Evaporationⁱⁿ^natural^conditions^.^Vaporability¹²²
⁷^.^4.^The^change^of^humidity^of^airⁱⁿ^atmosphere¹²⁵
^7.5.^Condensation^and^sublimation^water^streamⁱⁿ^atmosphere¹²⁸
^7.⁶^.^Fogs^.^Their^{classification}¹³²
⁷^.7.^Clouds^.^{Classification}^of^clouds¹³⁶
⁷^.8.^Sludging^processes^.^{Classification}^of^atmospheric^{precipitation}¹⁴³
⁷^.^9.^Ground^hydrometeors¹⁴⁸
^Chapter^VIII^.^Bases^of^the^dynamics^of^atmosphere¹⁵¹
^8.1.^The^basic^forces^operatingⁱⁿ^atmosphere¹⁵¹
^8.²^.^The^equations^of^movement^of^the^turbulent^atmosphere¹⁵⁵
⁸^.^3.^Lines^of^the^current^and^the^trajectory¹⁵⁷
^8.^4.^Geostrophic^wind^.^Baric^law^of^the^wind¹⁵⁸
^{8.5. Change of the geostrophic wind w}^ith^height¹⁶⁰
8.7. Gradient wind in cyclones and anticyclones 163
⁸^.7.^Influence^of^friction^on^speed^and^the^direction^of^windⁱⁿ^the^boundary^layer
^of^atmosphere¹⁶⁵
^8.8.^Local^circulation¹⁶⁹

Тошкент-2007

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