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2.2. ANADIPLOSIS AS A TYPE OF REPETITION

In the other site of internet http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/22286/anadiplosis

there are given definition to anadiplosis in this way: ‘anadiplosis,( Greek:“doubling” or repetition )  plural anadiplosis,  a device in which the last word or phrase of one clause, sentence, or line is repeated at the beginning of the next. An example is the phrase that is repeated between stanzas one and two of John Keats’s poem “The Eve of St. Agnes”:

Numb were the beadsman’s fingers, while he told 

His rosary, and while his frosted breath, 
Like pious incense from a censer old, 
Seem’d taking flight for heaven, without a death, 
Past the sweet Virgin’s picture, while his prayer he saith. 
His prayer he saith, this patient, holy man…²⁷’

As is written in the http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-anadiplosis.htm

Anadiplosis is a literary device that literally means “doubling back” in Greek. This device is defined as the last word in a clause being repeated as the first word in the next clause. Many authors and poets use anadiplosis for emphasis, to help the audience understand the import of what is being said. The repetition may also have helped students in ancient times remember poems or songs that they had to commit to memory for their lessons. Those giving speeches may use anadiplosis to create either ascending or descending emphasis’²⁸.

The use of anadiplosis is often saved for when a speaker or author needs to grab the audience’s attention. Most cases of anadiplosis lead to some kind of climax, with each repeated phrase pushing upward from the last. For instance, the phrase “I would but run away. Run away, perhaps today. Perhaps today I will. I will run away.” The end of each sentence in this verse is repeated as the beginning of the next sentence. Each sentence also progresses the intentions of the speaker.

The above example reads something like a journey. The speaker seems almost fanciful in the first phrase. He or she is only idly thinking about running away. By the second sentence, this plan is becoming more concrete. The third and fourth sentences cement this decision, as this person is determined to embark on some kind of journey. When read aloud, the reader feels the need to speed up as the sentences progress. This is one of the more poetic characteristics of anadiplosis — it often pushes action forward, leap-frogging over itself to get there.

Some cases of anadiplosis can be compared to building blocks instead of rising action. For instance, in the Bible, John 1:1 says, “In the beginning there was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” This example repeats a single phrase at the beginning of each clause instead of repeating different clauses. This example builds the definition of the Word instead of pushing action forward. By the end of the phrase, the reader understands that the Word and God are the same thing and that both are extremely important.

Poets and authors may also use anadiplosis to create descending action. For instance, in the film Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back, the character of Yoda says “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.” In this example, each repetition falls downward, leading to something darker than the last²⁹.

Anadiplosis is a rhetorical or literary device used in literature, poetry, speeches, oratory, and even the Bible. This stylistic device entails using the last word in one phrase to begin the following phrase or sentence. Writers and speakers use this repetition of certain words for emphasis, eloquence, and intensity. Chances are, you will remember a line with a somewhat odd repetition, like "We must gather together, for together we stand." Anadiplosis, when executed well, creates a pleasing and memorable symmetry. The following is a list of anadiplosis examples from well-known literary, political, and pop-culture figures.

The Bible

The Bible is full of anadiplosis examples, since anadiplosis creates both poetic feeling and emphasis. Genesis 1:1-2 has an example of anadiplosis: "In the beginning God made the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep." Notice the repetition of "the earth." Repeating this puts the focus on the earth and alerts us to it as a possible subject for the following pages. Another example from the Bible is in Psalm 98:4-5: "Make a joyful noise to the Lord, all the earth; break forth into joyous song and sing praises! / Sing praises to the Lord with the lyre, with the lyre and the sound of melody!" These two lines contain two examples of anadiplosis: "sing praises" and "with the lyre." The former is repeated to emphasize that we should praise God, while the latter is repeated to tell us how to sing such praises.

Shakespeare

Shakespeare's poetry and plays also have many examples of anadiplosis. A notable example from a poem comes from Sonnet XX (20): "Mine be thy love, and thy love's use their treasure." Here Shakespeare emphasizes "the love" by repeating it in parallel. In "Richard II," we see more anadiplosis in one of the title character's speeches: "The love of wicked men converts to fear; / That fear to hate, and hate turns one or both / To worthy danger and deserved death" (Act V Scene i). Notice two repetitions or anadiploses here, with "fear" and "hate." These are strong words to repeat for emphasis, but Richard II wants to make a point as the orator.

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The word "anadiplosis" comes from two Greek words meaning "to double back again" or "to reduplicate." This makes sense, as anadiplosis entails the duplication or doubling of words.

Samuel Johnson

Eighteenth-century essayist Samuel Johnson was a master of prose. He uses two instances of anadiplosis in the following sentence, from "The Rambler" No. 21: "Labour and care are rewarded with success, success produces confidence, confidence relaxes industry, and negligence ruins the reputation which diligence had raised." Here, Dr. Johnson wishes to draw the reader's attention to "success" and how to achieve it, and "confidence," which he backhandedly criticizes by repeating it and implying that it makes people less industrious.

Walt Whitman

Nineteenth-century American poet Walt Whitman's most famous collection of poetry is "Leaves of Grass." In it, he writes "When I give I give myself." This is a classic example of anadiplosis, and Whitman's lack of punctuation in between "I give" and "I give" draws even more emphasis to the repetition and notion of giving.

Malcom X

Highly-charged civil rights activist Malcolm X once said, "Once you change your philosophy, you change your thought pattern. Once you change your thought pattern, you change your attitude. Once you change your attitude, it changes your behavior and then you go on into some action." This excerpt comes from a 1964 speech called "The Ballot or the Bullet," and it contains no less than six repetitions of the word "change." Malcolm X was clearly seeking to emphasize change and the impact it can have; his use of anadiplosis draws the reader or listener in and alerts us to his main points.

"Star Wars"

This last example of anadiplosis comes from the movie "Star Wars, Episode I." Yoda says, "Fear leads to anger; anger leads to hatred; hatred leads to conflict; conflict leads to suffering." In his characteristically simple yet complex way, Yoda uses three examples of anadiplosis in one short sentence to highlight a stream of causes and effects.

As you can see from the above examples, literary figures, poets, politicians, and pop culture all employ anadiplosis as a powerful rhetorical technique for emphasis and climax. In its simplest form, anadiplosis occurs when the last word or phrase from one sentence or clause is repeated at the beginning of the next sentence or clause. Writers and speakers often use anadiplosis to make a certain point and draw their readers' or listeners' attention to a specific set of words. You have probably used anadiplosis yourself without realizing it; now you will be aware of how it works and can use it even more powerfully³⁰.