• The amount of time people spend researching, checking prices, visiting stores
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• The amount of time people spend researching, checking prices, visiting stores and seeking advice from friends tends to rise in proportion to the value of the product they are thinking of buying. A new car is one of the biggest purchases people make, and buyers typically spend four to six weeks mulling over their choices. So why are some people now walking into car showrooms and ordering a vehicle without even asking for a test drive? Or turning up at an electrical store and pointing out the washing machine they want without seeking advice from a sales assistant? Welcome to a new style of shaped by the internet List of headings i Increasing customer confidence ii A benefit to retailers iii The bigger picture of how Internet use changes consumer behaviour iv Introducing a novel approach to purchasing v The dangers for retailers vi Retraining staff vii Changing the face of the shop and the Internet site viii A look at the sales figures ix Encouraging online feedback from consumers • More people are buying products online, especially at peak buying periods. The total value of e- commerce transactions in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2004 reached$ 18 billion, a 22% increase over the same period in 2003, according to the Departmentof Commerce in Washington DC. But that just represents 2% of America's total retail market and excludes services, such as online travel, the value of goods auctioned on the Internet, and the$ 34 billion- worth of goods that individuals trade on eBay. List of headings i Increasing customer confidence ii A benefit to retailers iii The bigger picture of how Internet use changes consumer behaviour iv Introducing a novel approach to purchasing v The dangers for retailers vi Retraining staff vii Changing the face of the shop and the Internet site viii A look at the sales figures ix Encouraging online feedback from consumers • If you consider the Internet's wider influence over what people spend their money on, then the figures escalate out of sight. Some carmakers in America now find that eight out of ten of their buyers have logged on to the Internet to gather information about not just the exact vehicle they want, but also the price they are going to pay. Similarly with consumer electronics, nowadays if a customer wants to know which flat- screen TV they should buy, they are likely to start their shopping online- even though the vast majority will will not complete the transaction List of headings i Increasing customer confidence ii A benefit to retailers iii The bigger picture of how Internet use changes consumer behaviour iv Introducing a novel approach to purchasing v The dangers for retailers vi Retraining staff vii Changing the face of the shop and the Internet site viii A look at the sales figures ix Encouraging online feedback from consumers • The Internet is moving the world closer to perfect product and price information. The additional knowledge it can provide makes consumers more self- assured and bold enough to go into a car dealership and refuse to bargain. As a result, the process of shopping is increasingly being divorced from the transaction itself. Consumers might surf the web at night and hit the shops during the day. Visiting bricks- and- mortar stores can provide the final confirmation that the item or group of items that they are interested in is right for them. List of headings i Increasing customer confidence ii A benefit to retailers iii The bigger picture of how Internet use changes consumer behaviour iv Introducing a novel approach to purchasing v The dangers for retailers vi Retraining staff vii Changing the face of the shop and the Internet site viii A look at the sales figures ix Encouraging online feedback from consumers • E Far from losing trade to online merchants, stores that offer the sorts of goods people find out about online can gain from this new form of consumer behaviour. This is provided they offer attractive facilities, good guarantees and low prices. List of headings i Increasing customer confidence ii A benefit to retailers iii The bigger picture of how Internet use changes consumer behaviour iv Introducing a novel approach to purchasing v The dangers for retailers vi Retraining staff vii Changing the face of the shop and the Internet site viii A look at the sales figures ix Encouraging online feedback from consumers • F Merchants who charge too much and offer poor service, however, should beware. The same, too, for shaky manufacturers: smarter consumers know which products have a good reputation and which do not, because online they now read not only the sales blurb but also reviews from previous purchasers. And if customers are disappointed, a few clicks of the mouse will take them to places where they can let the world know List of headings i Increasing customer confidence ii A benefit to retailers iii The bigger picture of how Internet use changes consumer behaviour iv Introducing a novel approach to purchasing v The dangers for retailers vi Retraining staff vii Changing the face of the shop and the Internet site viii A look at the sales figures ix Encouraging online feedback from consumers • Some companies are already adjusting their business models to take account of these trends. The stores run by Sony and Apple, for instance, are more like brand showrooms than shops. They are there for people to try out devices and to ask questions of knowledgeable staff. WhЕТher the products are ultimately bought online or offline is of secondary importance. Online traders must also adjust. Amazon, for one, is rapidly turning from being primarily a bookseller to becoming a mass retailer, by letting other companies sell products on its site, rather like a marketplace. Other transformations in the retail business are bound to follow. List of headings i Increasing customer confidence ii A benefit to retailers iii The bigger picture of how Internet use changes consumer behaviour iv Introducing a novel approach to purchasing v The dangers for retailers vi Retraining staff vii Changing the face of the shop and the Internet site viii A look at the sales figures ix Encouraging online feedback from consumers • At least for the moment. For the Smithsonian owns 130 million plants, animals, rocks and fossils and that number is growing at 2-3% a year. On an international scale, however, such numbers are not exceptional. The Natural history Museum in London has 80 million specimens. And, in a slightly different scientific context, the Science Museum next door to it has 300,000 objects recording the history of science and technology. Deciding what to do with these huge accumulations of things is becoming a pressing problem. They cannot be thrown away, but only a tiny fraction can be put on display. i An unexpected preference for modern items ii Two distinct reasons for selection in one type of museum iii The growing cost of housing museum exhibits iv The growing importance of collections for research purposes v The global' size' of the problem vi Why some collections are unsafe vii Why not all museums are the same viii The need to show as much as possible to visitors ix how unexpected items are dealt with x The decision- making difficulties of one curator xi The two roles of museums xii Who owns the museum exhibits? xiii A lengthy, but necessary • The huge, invisible collections behind the scenes at science and natural history museums are the result of the dual functions of these institutions. On the one hand, they are places for the public to go and look at things. On the other, they are places of research- and researchers are not interested merely in the big, showy things that curators like to reveal to the public. i An unexpected preference for modern items ii Two distinct reasons for selection in one type of museum iii The growing cost of housing museum exhibits iv The growing importance of collections for research purposes v The global' size' of the problem vi Why some collections are unsafe vii Why not all museums are the same viii The need to show as much as possible to visitors ix how unexpected items are dealt with x The decision- making difficulties of one curator xi The two roles of museums xii Who owns the museum exhibits? xiii A lengthy, but necessary • Blythe house in West London, the Science Museum's principal storage facility, has, as might be expected, cabinets full of early astronomical instruments such as astrolabes and celestial globes. The museum is also custodian to things that are dangerous. It holds a lot of equipment of Sir William Crookes, a 19th century scientist who built the first cathode- ray tubes, experimented with radium and also discovered thallium- an extremely poisonous element. he was a sloppy worker. All his equipment was contaminated with radioactive materials but he worked in an age when nobody knew about the malevolent effects of radioactivity. i An unexpected preference for modern items ii Two distinct reasons for selection in one type of museum iii The growing cost of housing museum exhibits iv The growing importance of collections for research purposes v The global' size' of the problem vi Why some collections are unsafe vii Why not all museums are the same viii The need to show as much as possible to visitors ix how unexpected items are dealt with x The decision- making difficulties of one curator xi The two roles of museums xii Who owns the museum exhibits? xiii A lengthy, but necessary • Neil Brown is the senior curator for classical physics, time and microscopes at the Science Museum. he spends his professional life looking for objects that illustrate some aspect of scientific and technological development. Collections of computers, and domestic appliances such as television sets and washing machines, are growing especially fast. But the rapid pace of technological change, and the volume of new objects, makes it increasingly hard to identify what future generations will regard as significant. There were originally, for example, three different versions of the videocassette versions of the videocassette recorder and nobody knew at the time, which was going to win. And who, in the 1970s, would have realised the enormous effect the computer would have by the turn of the century? i An unexpected preference for modern items ii Two distinct reasons for selection in one type of museum iii The growing cost of housing museum exhibits iv The growing importance of collections for research purposes v The global' size' of the problem vi Why some collections are unsafe vii Why not all museums are the same viii The need to show as much as possible to visitors ix how unexpected items are dealt with x The decision- making difficulties of one curator xi The two roles of museums xii Who owns the museum exhibits? xiii A lengthy, but necessary • The public is often surprised at the Science Museum's interest in recent objects. Mr Brown says he frequently turns down antique brass and mahogany electrical instruments on the grounds that they already have enough of them, but he is happy to receive objects such as the Atomic domestic coffee maker, and a 114- piece Do- It- Yourself toolkit with canvas case, and a green beer bottle. i An unexpected preference for modern items ii Two distinct reasons for selection in one type of museum iii The growing cost of housing museum exhibits iv The growing importance of collections for research purposes v The global' size' of the problem vi Why some collections are unsafe vii Why not all museums are the same viii The need to show as much as possible to visitors ix how unexpected items are dealt with x The decision- making difficulties of one curator xi The two roles of museums xii Who owns the museum exhibits? xiii A lengthy, but necessary • G Natural history museums collect for a different reason. Their accumulations are part of attempts to identify and understand the natural world. Some of the plants and animals they hold are" type specimens". In other words, they are the standard reference unit, like a reference weight or length, for the species in question. Other specimens are valuable because of their age. One of the most famous demonstrations of natural selection in action was made using museum specimens. A study of moths collected over a long period of time showed that their wings became darker ( which made them less visible to insectivorous birds) as the industrial revolution made Britain more polluted. i An unexpected preference for modern items ii Two distinct reasons for selection in one type of museum iii The growing cost of housing museum exhibits iv The growing importance of collections for research purposes v The global' size' of the problem vi Why some collections are unsafe vii Why not all museums are the same viii The need to show as much as possible to visitors ix how unexpected items are dealt with x The decision- making difficulties of one curator xi The two roles of museums xii Who owns the museum exhibits? xiii A lengthy, but necessary • Year after year, the value of such collections quietly and reliably increases, as scientists find uses that would have been unimaginable to those who started them a century or two ago. Genetic analysis, pharmaceutical development, bio- mimetrics ( engineering that mimics nature to produce new designs) and bio- diversity mapping are all developments that would have been unimaginable to the museums founders. i An unexpected preference for modern items ii Two distinct reasons for selection in one type of museum iii The growing cost of housing museum exhibits iv The growing importance of collections for research purposes v The global' size' of the problem vi Why some collections are unsafe vii Why not all museums are the same viii The need to show as much as possible to visitors ix how unexpected items are dealt with x The decision- making difficulties of one curator xi The two roles of museums xii Who owns the museum exhibits? xiii A lengthy, but necessary • But as the collections grow older, they grow bigger. Insects may be small, but there are millions of them and entomologists would like to catalogue every one. And when the reference material is a pair of giraffes or a blue whale, space becomes a problem. That is why museums such as the Smithsonian are increasingly forced to turn to out of town storage facilities. But museums that show the public only a small fraction of their material risk losing the fickle goodwill of governments and the public, which they need to keep running. hence the determination of so many museums to make their back to make their back room collections more widely available. i An unexpected preference for modern items ii Two distinct reasons for selection in one type of museum iii The growing cost of housing museum exhibits iv The growing importance of collections for research purposes v The global' size' of the problem vi Why some collections are unsafe vii Why not all museums are the same viii The need to show as much as possible to visitors ix how unexpected items are dealt with x The decision- making difficulties of one curator xi The two roles of museums xii Who owns the museum exhibits? xiii A lengthy, but necessary Download 356.54 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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