A-stems o- and -u- stems -ja- stems

“OE Morphology”


Seminar 2: OE Morphology

Strong declension of the nouns in Old English
Task 1. Describe strong declensions of the nouns in old English.

-a-stems

-o- and -u- stems



-ja- stems



ō -stems

-i-stems



-u-stem


Task 2. Define below given phrases, abbreviations and words related to the theme.

1. 
   Declension
   

the variation of the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, by which its grammatical case, number, and gender are identified

2. 
   Grammatical category
   

In linguistics, a grammatical category or grammatical feature is a property of items within the grammar of a language. Within each category there are two or more possible values, which are normally mutually exclusive

3. 
   Case
   

Case is a grammatical category determined by the syntactic or semantic function of a noun or pronoun. Discussion: The term case has traditionally been restricted to apply to only those languages which indicate certain functions by the inflection of: nouns.

4. 
   Analytic language
   

In linguistic typology, an analytic language is a language that conveys relationships between words in sentences primarily by way of helper words (particles, prepositions, etc.) and word order, as opposed to using inflections (changing the form of a word to convey its role in the sentence).

5. 
   Root Stems
   

root is the form to which derivational affixes are added to form a stem. (Sometimes stems are formed by derivational processes other than affixation.) A stem is the form to which inflectional affixes are added to form a word
Task 3. True or False

1. 
   -o- and -u- stems in Old English had only two distinctive endings both for the singular and the plural and that was sufficient for proper communication. -i- stems.
   

True

2. 
   The nouns in Old English are commonly classified as belonging to strong and weak declension, within each of these groups there are several subgroups.
   

True

3. 
   Gender is actually a grammatical category in a strict sense of the word, for every noun with all its forms belongs to only one gender.
   

False

4. 
   The Old English had three adjective declensions as in Modern English.
   

False

5. 
   There are two numbers - singular and plural, and four cases - nominative, genitive, dative and accusative in Old English.
   

True

Task 4. Fishbone
A fishbone diagram is a visual way to look at cause and effect. It is a more structured approach than some other tools available for brainstorming causes of a problem (e.g., the Five Whys tool). The problem or effect is displayed at the head or mouth of the fish.

Root Stems

Weak Declension



The Strong Declension

1. The strong declension is applied to adjectives that stand alone – without a determiner – before the noun: „Der Herbst bringt oft regnerische Tage. “ (Autumn often brings rainy days.) The noun 'Tage' (days) is masculine, plural, and in the accusative case.

2 One way of identifying a weak noun is that their nominative form often ends in a vowel (except 'u', which is either strong feminine or minor u-declension). For example, 'mona - moon', 'sunne - sun', and 'steorra - star' are all weak
3. Root and Stem. • Root. In concatenative morphology, the root is the unit that provides the core meaning and to which affixes may be attached. • Stem. In concatenative morphology, the stem is the unit to which affixes are attached.
5. Make crossword according the PPT (at least 10 words).