Can and could are modal auxiliary verbs be able to
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can, could, be able to can and could are modal auxiliary verbs. be able to is NOT an auxiliary verb (it uses the verb be as a main verb). We include be able to here for convenience. In this lesson we look at can, could and be able to, followed by a quiz to check your understanding. can Can is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use can to: talk about possibility and ability make requests ask for or give permission Structure of can The basic structure for can is:
The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without to).
Notice that: Can is invariable. There is only one form: can The main verb is always the bare infinitive. The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without to). We cannot say: Use of can can for possibility and ability We use can to talk about what is possible, what we are able or free to do: She can drive a car. John can speak Spanish. I cannot hear you. (I can't hear you.) Can you hear me? Normally, we use can for the present. But it is possible to use can when we make present decisions about future ability. Can you help me with my homework? (present) Sorry. I'm busy today. But I can help you tomorrow. (future) can games for present ability can for requests and orders We often use can in a question to ask somebody to do something. This is not a real question - we do not really want to know if the person is able to do something, we want them to do it! The use of can in this way is informal (mainly between friends and family): Can you make a cup of coffee, please. Can you put the TV on. Can you come here a minute. Can you be quiet! can for permission We sometimes use can to ask or give permission for something: Can I smoke in this room? You can't smoke here, but you can smoke in the garden. (Note that we also use could, may, might for permission. The use of can for permission is informal.) can/could/may games for present permission could Could is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use could to: talk about past possibility or ability make requests Structure of could
The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without to).
Notice that: Could is invariable. There is only one form: could The main verb is always the bare infinitive. The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without to). We cannot say: Use of could could for past possibility or ability We use could to talk about what was possible in the past, what we were able or free to do: I could swim when I was 5 years old. My grandmother could speak seven languages. When we arrived home, we could not open the door. (...couldn't open the door.) Could you understand what he was saying? We use I (positive) and couldn't (negative) for general ability in the past. But when we talk about one special occasion in the past, we use be able to (positive) and couldn't (negative). Look at these examples:
could games for past ability could for requests We often use could in a question to ask somebody to do something. The use of could in this way is fairly polite (formal): Could you tell me where the bank is, please? Could you send me a catalogue, please? be able to Although we look at be able to here, it is not a modal verb. It is simply the verb be plus an adjective (able) followed by the infinitive. We look at be able to here because we sometimes use it instead of can and could. We use be able to:
Structure of be able to The basic structure for be able to is:
Notice that be able to is possible in all tenses, for example: I was able to drive... I will be able to drive... I have been able to drive... Notice too that be able to has an infinitive form: I would like to be able to speak Chinese. Use of be able to Be able to is NOT a modal auxiliary verb. We include it here for convenience, because it is often used like "can" and "could", which are modal auxiliary verbs. be able to for ability We use be able to to express ability. "Able" is an adjective meaning: having the power, skill or means to do something. If we say "I am able to swim", it is like saying "I can swim". We sometimes use be able to instead of "can" or "could" for ability. Be able to is possible in all tenses - but "can" is possible only in the present and "could" is possible only in the past for ability. In addition, "can" and "could" have no infinitive form. So we use be able to when we want to use other tenses or the infinitive. Look at these examples: I have been able to swim since I was five. (present perfect) You will be able to speak perfect English very soon. (future simple) I would like to be able to fly an airplane. (infinitive) mumkin, mumkin, mumkin can va could modal yordamchi fe'llardir. be able to yordamchi fe'l EMAS (u be fe'lini asosiy fe'l sifatida ishlatadi). Qulaylik uchun biz bu erga borishni o'z ichiga olamiz. Ushbu darsda biz mumkin, mumkin va mumkin bo'lgan narsalarni ko'rib chiqamiz, keyin sizning tushunchangizni tekshirish uchun viktorina. mumkin
Can yordamchi fe'l, modal yordamchi fe'l. Biz quyidagilarni ishlatamiz: imkoniyat va qobiliyat haqida gapirish so'rovlar qilish so'rash yoki ruxsat berish Konserva tuzilishi Canning asosiy tuzilishi: mavzu + yordamchi fe'l can + asosiy fe'l Asosiy fe'l har doim yalang'och infinitiv (infinitiv holda). mavzu yordamchi fe'l mumkin asosiy fe'l + Men tennis o'ynashim mumkin. - U tennis o'ynay olmaydi. qila olmaydi ? Siz tennis o'ynay olasizmi? E'tibor bering: Can o'zgarmasdir. Faqat bitta shakl mavjud: mumkin Asosiy fe'l har doim yalang'och infinitivdir. Asosiy fe'l har doim yalang'och infinitiv (infinitiv holda). Biz aytolmaymiz: men tennis o'ynashim mumkin. Konservadan foydalanish imkoniyat va qobiliyat uchun mumkin Mumkin bo'lgan narsalar, nimaga qodirligimiz yoki erkinligimiz haqida gapirish uchun biz "can" dan foydalanamiz: U mashinani boshqarishi mumkin. Jon ispan tilida gaplasha oladi. Seni eshitmayapman. (Sizni eshitmayapman.) Meni eshityapsanmi? Odatda, biz hozirgi kundan foydalanamiz. Ammo kelajakdagi qobiliyat haqida hozirgi qarorlarni qabul qilishda mumkin bo'lgan narsalardan foydalanish mumkin. Uy vazifamda menga yordam bera olasizmi? (hozir) Kechirasiz. Men bugun bandman. Ammo men sizga ertaga yordam bera olaman. (kelajak) hozirgi qobiliyat uchun o'yinlar mumkin so'rov va buyurtmalar uchun mumkin Biror kishidan nimadir qilishni so'rash uchun biz ko'pincha "can" dan foydalanamiz. Bu haqiqiy savol emas - biz odam haqiqatan ham biron bir narsani qila oladimi yoki yo'qligini bilishni xohlamaymiz, biz buni qilishni xohlaymiz! Konservani shu tarzda ishlatish norasmiydir (asosan do'stlar va oila o'rtasida): Iltimos, bir piyola kofe tayyorlay olasizmi? Televizorni qo'yishingiz mumkinmi? Bir daqiqaga bu erga kelishingiz mumkinmi. Jim bo'la olasizmi? ruxsat olish uchun mumkin Ba'zan biz biron bir narsani so'rash yoki unga ruxsat berish uchun "can" dan foydalanamiz: Bu xonada chekishim mumkinmi? Siz bu erda chekishingiz mumkin emas, lekin bog'da chekishingiz mumkin. (E'tibor bering, biz ham mumkin, may, may uchun ruxsat olish uchun foydalanamiz. Konservadan foydalanish uchun norasmiydir.) hozirgi ruxsat uchun o'yinlar mumkin / mumkin / may mumkin edi Could - yordamchi fe'l, modal yordamchi fe'l. Biz quyidagilarni ishlatamiz: o'tmishdagi imkoniyat yoki qobiliyat haqida gapirish so'rovlar qilish Mumkin tuzilishi mavzu + yordamchi fe'l could + asosiy fe'l Asosiy fe'l har doim yalang'och infinitiv (infinitiv holda). mavzu yordamchi fe'l asosiy fe'l + Mening buvim suzishi mumkin edi. - U yurolmadi. qila olmadi ? Buvim suzishi mumkinmi? E'tibor bering: Mumkin bo'lgan narsa o'zgarmasdir. Faqat bitta shakl mavjud: mumkin Asosiy fe'l har doim yalang'och infinitivdir. Asosiy fe'l har doim yalang'och infinitiv (infinitiv holda). Biz aytolmaymiz: men tennis o'ynashim mumkin edi. Can-dan foydalanish o'tmishdagi imkoniyat yoki qobiliyat uchun Biz o'tmishda mumkin bo'lgan narsalar, nima qila olishimiz yoki erkinligimiz haqida gaplashishimiz mumkin edi: Men 5 yoshimda suzishim mumkin edi. Mening buvim etti tilda gaplasha oladigan edi. Uyga kelganimizda, biz eshikni ocholmadik. (... eshikni ocholmadim.) Uning nima deyayotganini tushuna oldingizmi? Ilgari biz umumiy qobiliyat uchun I (ijobiy) va qila olmagan (salbiy) dan foydalanardik. Ammo o'tmishda bitta maxsus voqea haqida gapirganda, biz qobiliyat (ijobiy) va qila olmagan (salbiy) imkoniyatlaridan foydalanamiz. Ushbu misollarga qarang: o'tmish umumiy holat + Mening buvim ispan tilida gapirishlari mumkin edi. Kecha bir kishi daryoga tushib ketdi. Politsiya uni qutqara oldi. - Mening buvim ispan tilida gapira olmaydilar. Kecha bir kishi daryoga tushib ketdi. Politsiya uni qutqara olmadi. o'tmishdagi qobiliyat uchun o'yinlar so'rovlar uchun mumkin Biror kishidan nimadir qilishni so'rash uchun biz tez-tez savolda Ushbu usuldan foydalanish juda muloyim (rasmiy): Iltimos, bankning qaerdaligini ayta olasizmi? Iltimos, menga katalog yubora olasizmi? imkoniyatiga ega bo'lish Biz bunga qodir ekanligimizni ko'rib chiqsak ham, bu modal fe'l emas. Bu shunchaki be fe'lidir va undan keyin infinitiv qo'shiladi. Biz bunga qodir ekanligimizni ko'rib chiqamiz, chunki ba'zida uni mumkin va mumkin o'rniga ishlatamiz. Biz quyidagi imkoniyatlardan foydalanamiz: qobiliyat haqida gapirish Imkoniyatning tuzilishi Imkoniyatning asosiy tarkibi: infinitivga ega bo'lishi mumkin mavzu asosiy fe'l sifatdosh bo‘lmoq infinitivga qodir + Men haydashga qodirman. - U haydashga qodir emas. emas
? Haydashga qodirmisiz? Imkoniyat barcha vaqtlarda bo'lishi mumkinligiga e'tibor bering, masalan: Men haydashga muvaffaq bo'ldim ... Men haydashga qodir bo'laman ... Men haydashga muvaffaq bo'ldim ... Infinitiv shaklga ega bo'lishi mumkinligiga ham e'tibor bering: Men xitoy tilida gaplashishni xohlayman. Imkoniyatidan foydalanish Be able to modal yordamchi fe'l EMAS. Biz bu erga qulaylik uchun kiritamiz, chunki u ko'pincha modal yordamchi fe'llar bo'lgan "can" va "can" kabi ishlatiladi. qobiliyatga qodir bo'lish Biz qobiliyatni ifoda eta olamiz. "Qodir" - bu sifat ma'nosidir: biror narsa qilish uchun kuch, mahorat yoki vositaga ega bo'lish. Agar biz "men suzishga qodirman" desak, bu "men suzishga qodirman" deganga o'xshaydi. Ba'zan qobiliyat uchun "can" yoki "could" o'rniga "чадвар" ni ishlatamiz. Qilishingiz mumkin bo'lgan barcha tlarda Download 28.67 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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