Instructor: Ibrohimbek Soatov Outline: - Practicality;
- Reliability;
- Validity;
- Authenticity;
- Washback
- Guidelines;
- Conclusion;
Practicality - Practicality Practical means:
- (1) is not excessively expensive (2) stays within appropriate time constraints;
- (3) is relatively easy to administer;
- (4) has a scoring/evaluation procedure that is specific and time-efficient;
Reliability - A reliable test is consistent and dependable. On two different occasions or by different people, the test should yield similar results;
- Student-Related Reliability may be caused by temporary illness, fatigue, “bad day”, anxiety and other physical or psychological factors;
- Rater Reliability: Human error, subjectivity, and bias may enter into the scoring process. Inter-rater reliability occurs when two/more scorers yield inconsistent scores of the same test (scoring criteria, inexperience, in attention, preconceived biases);
- Intra-rater reliability occurs because of unclear scoring criteria, fatigue, bias toward “good” and “bad” students, or carelessness;
- Test Administration Reliability: Unreliability may also result from the conditions in which the test is administered. Examples: street noise, temperature, desks and chairs, the amount of light;
Reliability & Validity - Test Reliability: The test itself can cause measurement errors;
- Examples: a long test, a timed test, ambiguous test items, or a test item with more than one answer;
- Validity: the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure or can be used successfully for the purposes for which it is intended;
Validity - A valid test:
- measures exactly what it proposes to measure;
- does not measure irrelevant or “contaminating” variables;
- relies as much as possible on empirical evidence (performance);
- involves performance that samples the test’s criterion (objective);
- offers useful, meaningful information about a test-taker's ability;
- is supported by a theoretical rationale or argument
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