Endemic diseases

Endemic diseases

endemic diseases

An endemic disease is a disease that is unique to a specific area. It is often associated with an acute deficiency or excess of any chemical element in the environment . It can develop in plants , animals and humans . For example, simple goitre (endemic goiter) occurs in animals and humans with a lack of iodine in food, caries with fluorine , fluorosis with its excess, toxic selenium flora and many other endemics with an excess of selenium in the soil.

In addition, infections can be endemic, their pathogens constantly live (retain) in a certain area - for example, cholera enzootics among rodents in Kazakhstan , cholera endemic in India or malaria in subtropical Africa . Endemicity of diseases should not be confused with similar but different natural foci of infectious diseases, related to the evolutionary origin of the interspecies or abiotic mechanism of the presence of an infectious agent in a certain area

Gout disease

• Goitre is an enlargement of this gland (in normal condition, the weight of the thyroid gland is 20-30 grams), the disease is mainly caused by lack of iodine. Iodine deficiency can be caused by a person's lifestyle, diet, stress, environmental conditions, and several other factors.

Other reasons can be divided into two conditional groups: 1. Hypothyroidism 2. Hyperthyroidism

• Symptoms of hypothyroidism include hair loss, dry and flaky skin, brittle nails, thinning eyebrows, loss of appetite, and weight gain. In diseases of the thyroid gland, speech slows down, memory deteriorates, there is almost constant drowsiness, and the menstrual cycle is disturbed. In this case, the presence of all these signs may not be observed, there are 2-3 signs, but they are more clearly felt.

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Hyperthyroidism is an increase in hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Insomnia , general weakness, restlessness, increased heart rate, and excessive sweating are observed in this disease . A patient with this disease may have a good appetite, but begin to lose weight. In addition, high blood pressure, bulging eyes, tremors (tremors) are also observed.

Caries ( Latin : caries - rot) is a dental disease

• Caries is a common disease that occurs in 95% of the population. Caries is a complex pathological process, in which the tooth tissue decays quickly or slowly, and a damaged cavity - a cavity - is formed in the tooth. 

Depending on the degree of damage to the tooth , caries are divided into spots (discoloration on the surface of the tooth), superficial caries (surface damage), medium caries (the upper part of the dentin is damaged) and deep caries (the dentin is almost completely damaged and has reached the pulp). In addition, caries of enamel, dentine, and root cementum are classified separately — in root cementum caries, the disease appears under the gums.

Internal sweating

• Diarrhea , typhoid fever is one of the acute infectious diseases; in which the patient has a fever, diarrhea and rashes on the body. The sweat microbe (motile bacillus) was discovered by the German scientist K. Ebert, so it is also called Ebert's bacillus.
• Diarrhea is common all over the world and under certain conditions it can become an epidemic . The sanitary and household conditions of the population play a decisive role in the spread of the disease. 

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