Group 304 Ulashova Maftuna The nature of lexical stylistic devices. Types of lexical meanings

Group 304 Ulashova Maftuna

1. The nature of lexical stylistic devices. Types of lexical meanings.

Lexical stylistic devices - grammatical (more abstract) + lexical (more concrete)

Lexical meaning = dennotational (exact naming of the idea) + connotational (emotiveness, expressiveness)

Lexical SDs reveal the following pattern:

- Interplay (interaction) of different types of lexical meaning;

- Intensification of characteristic features of the phenomena described;

- Intentional mixing of words of different stylistic aspects.

Metaphor is transference of meanings on the basis of similarity. It’s a semantic process of associating two referents, one of which in some way resembles the other.

E.g.: the land shouted with grass.

England has two eyes, Oxford and Cambridge.

Metonymy – contiguity of meaning, it’s a semantic process of associating two referents, one of which makes part of the other or is closely connected with it.

E.g.: to read Agatha Christy.

She saw around her red lips poor dear cheeks.

There are two types of lexical meaning:

• 
  Connotative
  
• 
  Denotative
  

Connotation and Denotation are two principal methods of describing the meanings of words. Connotation refers to the wide array of positive and negative associations that most words naturally carry with them, whereas denotation is the precise, literal definition of a word that might be found in a dictionary.

Connotation is the emotional and imaginative association surrounding a word

Denotation is the strict dictionary meaning of a word.

Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨ For example, if you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will discover that one of its denotative meanings is "any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles having a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions."

Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings. The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger

2. Identify stylistic devices.

1. Did you miss my lecture? - Not at all. (Pun)

 2. He reminded you of a frightened sheep running aimlessly hither and thither. (Epithet)

3. The doctor had a cool warm mind. (Oxymoron)

4. That’s nice girl, that’s a very nice girl, a promising girl. (Gradation)

5. Here is a ring which may help us to understand each other. (Pun)