Group: 418 Student: Botirova Sharqiya seminar 8 appendix 1 What meaning is foregrounded in a hyperbole?

Group: 418

Student: Botirova Sharqiya
SEMINAR 8

APPENDIX 1

1. What meaning is foregrounded in a hyperbole? Hyperbole, derived from a Greek word meaning “over-casting,” is a figure of speech that involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. It is a device that we employ in our day-to-day speech. For instance, when you meet a friend after a long time, you say, “It’s been ages since I last saw you.” You may not have met him for three or four hours, or a day, but the use of the word “ages” exaggerates this statement to add emphasis to your wait. Therefore, a hyperbole is an unreal exaggeration to emphasize the real situation.

2. What types of hyperbole can you name? Hyperbole can be expressed by a word , combination of words, a sentence or several sentences.

3. What makes a hyperbole trite and where are trite hyperboles predominantly used? Hyperbole can be trite and genuine:

I beg you a thousand pardons to be scared , t be tickled to death.

4. What is antonomasia? What meanings interact in its formation? Antonomasia is a literary term in which a descriptive phrase replaces a person’s name.  Antonomasia can range from lighthearted nicknames to epic names.

5. What types of antonomasia do you know? Give examples of each. Two types of Antonomasia can be distinguished:

1) Proper nouns are used as notional words:

Every Caesar has his Brutus. Shakespeare of our days.

2) A common noun or a word-combination of a descriptive character instead of a proper noun. The second type of Antonomasia is a unique creation.

6. Do you remember any speaking names from the books you have read?

7. Give examples of personages' names used as qualifying common nouns. Antonomasia can be expressed by almost all parts of speech, even by
interjection.
The use of antonomasia is now not confined to the belles -lettres style. It is
often found in the publistic style and newspapers style.
“I suspect that the Noes and Don't Knows would far outnumber the Yesses”
Antonomasia is intended to point out the leading, most characteristic feature
of a person or event

8. What is included into the group of SDs known as "play on words"? Which ones of them are the most frequently used? What levels of language hierarchy are involved into their formation? Antonomasia

9. Describe the difference between pun and zeugma, zeugma and a semantically false chain, semantically false chain and nonsense of non-sequence. Zeugma is the use of a word in the same grammatical but different semantic relations to the words in the context. She lost her purse, head and reputation. Pun is another stylistic devices based on interaction of two dictionary meanings in the word .It is difficult sometimes to distinguish zeugma and pun . The only distinguishing feature is a structural one. Zeugma usually consists of three or more components. It is realisation of two meanings in the word with the help of other words in the context.

Pun is more independent. There need not necessarily be a word in the sentence to which the pun-word refers.

10. What is the basic effect achieved by the play on words? A pun is a play on words, centering on a word with more than one meaning or words that sound alike. A pun is most often used for humor, but puns can also make you think differently about a subject, particularly if it introduces ambiguity or changes the original meaning of the text.
APPENDIX 2

Hyperbole

Assignment.

In the following examples concentrate on cases of hyperbole and understatement. Pay attention to their originality or stateness, to other SDs promoting their effect, to exact words containing the foregrounded emotive meaning:

1. I was scared to death when he entered the room. (S.) hyperbole

2. The girls were dressed to kill. (J.Br.) understatement

3. Newspapers are the organs of individual men who have jockeyed themselves to be party leaders, in countries where a new party is born every hour over a glass of beer in the nearest cafe. (J.R.) hyperbole

4. I was violently sympathetic, as usual. (Jn.B.) understatement

5. Four loudspeakers attached to the flagpole emitted a shattering roar of what Benjamin could hardly call music, as if it were played by a collection of brass bands, a few hundred fire engines, a thousand blacksmiths' hammers and the amplified reproduction of a force-twelve wind. (A. S.) understatement

6. The car which picked me up on that particular guilty evening was a Cadillac limousine about seventy-three blocks long. (J.B.) understatement

7. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old. (Sc.F.) hyperbole

8. He didn't appear like the same man; then he was all milk and honey - now he was all starch and vinegar. (D.) hyperbole

9. She was a giant of a woman. Her bulging figure was encased in a green crepe dress and her feet overflowed in red shoes. She carried a mammoth red pocketbook that bulged throughout as if it were stuffed with rocks. (Fl. O'C.) hyperbole