Module 1 – Grammar

Teaching Knowledge Test

Glossary

TKT GLOSSARY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING (ELT) TERMINOLOGY


NB This list is indicative only. Other terms may also be used in TKT. The words are entered into categories so as to help the reader. Some words could fall into more than one category. However, to economise on space they have only been entered once.

MODULE 1

Concepts and terminology for describing language Tilni tavsiflash uchun tushunchalar va terminologiya

GRAMMAR Grammatika

Active voice In an active sentence, the subject of the verb usually does or causes the action, e.g. The car hit the tree. See passive voice. Faol gapda fe’lning predmeti odatda biror ish-harakatni bajaradi yoki sabab bo‘ladi, masalan, mashina daraxtga uriladi. Qarang majhul nisbat.

Adjective An adjective describes or gives more information about a noun, pronoun or clause, e.g. a cold day. Sifat Sifat ot, olmosh yoki gapni tavsiflaydi yoki ko'proq ma'lumot beradi A comparative adjective compares two things (Qiyosiy sifat ikki narsani solishtiradi), e.g. He is taller than she is. A demonstrative adjective shows how physically close the speaker or writer is to the object, (Ko'rgazmali sifat so'zlovchi yoki yozuvchining ob'ektga jismoniy yaqinligini ko'rsatadi) e.g. this (near), that (far). An -ing/ed adjective changes in different situations (turli vaziyatlarda sifat o‘zgarishi), e.g. The book is very interesting; I am very interested in the book. A possessive adjective shows who something belongs to (Egalik sifatdoshi biror narsaning kimga tegishli ekanligini ko‘rsatadi), e.g. my, our. A superlative adjective compares more than two things,(Yuqori sifat ikkidan ortiq narsani taqqoslaydi) e.g. He is the tallest boy in the class.

Adverb An adverb describes or gives more information about how, when, where or to what degree something is done, (Qo‘shimcha biror narsaning qanday, qachon, qayerda yoki qay darajada bajarilganligini tavsiflaydi yoki ko‘proq ma’lumot beradi) e.g. he worked quickly and well.