Nuriddinova Yulduz 026 Independent work on the topic: Language and speech; their levels and units

Nuriddinova Yulduz 2026
Independent work 2 on the topic: Language and speech; their levels and units.

1. 
   What is the difference between language and speech?
   
2. 
   What is the difference between their levels and units? Answer the question defining each.
   
3. 
   Find or create speech of a criminal, teenager and a salesman; analyze dividing into speech and language as in the sample:
   

Opening Speech for the Defense by Edward Carson,
attorney for Queensberry (April 4-5,1895)
May it Please you, my lord, gentleman of the jury. In appearing in this case for Lord Queensberry I cannot but feel that a very grave responsibility rests upon me. So far as Lord Queensberry is concerned, in any act he has done, in any letter he has written, or in the matter of the card which has put him in the present position, he withdraws nothing. He has done all those things with a premeditation and a determination, at all risks, and at all hazards to try to save his son.
Language is formal and specific to the court: lord, gentleman of the jury, appearing in this case, a very grave responsibility rests upon, in the matter of the card which has put him in the present position, withdraw, premeditation, a determination, and hazards.
Speech:
Very polite at the same time formal: May it Please you, my lord, gentleman of the jury. In appearing in this case;
Confident and admitting: I cannot but feel that a very grave responsibility rests upon me, in any act he has done, in any letter he has written, or in the matter of the card which has put him in the present position, he withdraws nothing, he has done all those things
Persuasive with the help of synonyms: a premeditation and a determination, at all risks, and at all hazards to try to save his son.
Answers
1. Speech is the sound of spoken language and includes the formation of a sound, the nature of the sound quality and the rhythm and flow of the sound.
Language is the words we use and how we use them to share ideas and get what we want. What a word means, how to combine words into a sentence, and how to use words are components of the language of a community.
2.Language (Speech) is divided to certain strata or levels. The linguists distinguish basic and non-basic (sometimes they term them differently: primary and secondary) levels. This distinction depends on whether a level has got its own unit or not. If a level has its own unit then this level is quali­fied as basic or primary. If a level doesn't have a unit of its own then it is a non - basic or secondary level. Thus the number of levels entirely depend on how many language (or speech) units in language. There's a number of conceptions on this issue: some scientists say that there are four units (pho­neme/phone; morpheme/morph; lexeme/lex and sentence), others think that there are five units like phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, word -combinations (phrases) and sentences and still others maintain that besides the mentioned ones there are paragraphs, utterances and texts. As one can see there's no unity in the number of language and speech units. The most wide - spread opinion is that there are five language (speech) units and respectively there are five language (speech) levels, they are: phonetic/phonological; morphological; lexicological, syntax - minor and syntax - major. The levels and their units are as follows:


1. phonological/phonetical level: phoneme/phone
2. morphological level: morpheme/morph
3. lexicological level: lexeme/lex
4. Syntax - minor: sentence
5. Syntax - major: text

3.Moreover, a poem in the same Collection provides some support for the horrifying expectations Lord Queensberry had for his son. Lord Alfred Douglas wrote the poem, which Mr. Wilde saw before it was published. Is it not horrifying that a young man on the verge of adulthood, who has for years been under Oscar Wilde's control and has been 'adored and loved' by Oscar Wilde, as the two letters demonstrate, should express his thoughts on such a horrifying subject? What kind of horror might befall a man whose son composed such a poem?