Oid ba zabonhoi forsӣ va toҷikӣ

Oid ba zabonhoi forsӣ va toҷikӣ
Ma’lum ast, ki zaboni forsӣ qabl az istiloi arabho dar sarzamini Oriyon yak zaboni xolis va mustaqil buda, bo digar zabonho omexta nashuda, dar hamon shakli aslii xud monda bud. «Pas az istiloi arab on bo mururi zamon bo zaboni arabӣ maxlut gardid» (Halimov S. Ta’rixi zaboni adabii toҷik. – Dushanbe: 1979, sah 6). Dar natiҷa, chi tavre ki olimi afg‘on Mahmudi Tarzӣ mego‘yad, «az fasohat va balog‘ati arabӣ bo nazokat va latofati forsӣ yak zaboni bisyor bosalosat va latofati shirine ba vuҷud omad, ki onro «zaboni darӣ» niz mego‘yand» (Mahmudi Tarzӣ. Dar xususi zaboni darӣ. Kobul, 1969).
Zaboni darӣ az ta’rix ayon ast, ki rohi duru darozro tay namudaast. Agar mo ba ta’rix tavaҷҷӯh namoem, zaboni qadimai forsi Oriyonro bo dini Zardushtӣ vobastagӣ paydo karda bud. Bo omadani dini islom otashkadai fors xomo‘sh gardid va az bayn raftani istiqloli zaboni forsӣ niz zohir gardid. Zaboni porsӣ pas az barham xo‘rdani arabho ham dar har go‘shavu kanori qit’ai Osiyo ba monandi Salҷuqiya, Iroq, Eron, Kuniya va g‘ayra zaboni rasmii onho e’lon megardad. Maxsusan, somoniyon, g‘aznaviyon va g‘uriyon in zabonro xele inkishof dodaand (Osnovы iranskogo yazыkoznaniya. – Moskva: iz-vo «Nauka», 1979, str 17). Ba hamin tartib zaboni forsӣ (darӣ-toҷikӣ) dar mintaqai hozirai Eron, Afg‘oniston, Toҷikiston va g‘ayra havzahoi adabii qit’ai Osiyo az ro‘zgoroni qadim vuҷud doshtaast va adabiyotu farhangi xalqi muayyan arzi vuҷud karda boshad (Tursunov A. Ehyoi Aҷam. – Dushanbe: Irfon, 1984, sah 14). Imro‘z boshad, zaboni forsӣ yake az zabonhoi rasmii Tashkiloti Davlathoi Muttahida niz meboshad. (Asozoda X. Adabiyoti forsӣ va se shoxai on. – Dushanbe: nashriyoti «Maorif», 1991, sah 10). Haminro ham boyad ishora kard, ki az og‘ozi solhoi 60-umi qarni XX dar ҷomeai Afg‘oniston ba ivazi istilohi «zaboni forsӣ» «zaboni darӣ» ba istifoda daromad, ki in ham ba siyosathoi mavҷudai davlatӣ vobastagӣ dosht. Misli in ki bo ta’sisi Ҷumhurii muxtori Toҷikiston (1924) dar mintaqai forsizabononi Osiyoi Miyona istilohi «zaboni toҷikӣ» rasmiyat paydo kard. Ba hamin tariq, ҷudoshavihoi hudud va siyosat dar solhoi bistum va ba’d boisi on shud, ki istilohi «forsӣ» baroi davlati Eron dar shakli an’anaviash – zaboni forsӣ nigoh doshta shud, «darӣ» yak zaboni rasmii kishvari Afg‘oniston sobit gardid va «toҷikӣ», ki nomi millati toҷik bud, zaboni qonunii Ҷumhurii Toҷikiston muarrify shud. Hol on ki forsӣ, darӣ va toҷikӣ se shoxai yak daraxtand (G‘afforov R. «Se barodari tav’am»), ki bayongari yak adabiyotu yak farhang meboshand.
Zikr namudani kalimai «forsӣ» dar «Qonuni zaboni toҷikӣ» az taqozoi zamon pesh omad, ki in zabon zaboni klassikӣ buda, davomi zaboni qadimai forsist. Navishtani kalimai «forsӣ» dar qonuni zaboni toҷikӣ barobari sof ҷihati siyosӣ ahamiyati kaloni amalӣ niz dorad. Vay zaboni adabii imro‘zai toҷikro bo zaboni adabii klassikӣ aloqamand menamoyand, az yak taraf, baroi istifodai farovontar az in sarchashmai muhim, az tarafi digar, dar rohi peshrafti minba’dai hamkorii on bo on du zabon – forsӣ va darӣ sharoiti xubtar faroham xohad ovard.
Barobari ba vuҷud omadani hudud dar sarhadhoi Eron, Afg‘oniston va Toҷikiston dar bayni in zabonho – forsӣ, darӣ va toҷikӣ tafovutho ba vuҷud omadan girift. In farqiyatho ba yakboragӣ rux nadodaand. Onho tadriҷan dar hamai sohai zabon