Poems of Dostoevsky Содержание Достоевский

Poems of Dostoevsky
Содержание
1.Достоевский/ Dostoevsky
2.Перевод топика: Федор Достоевский
3.Fyodor Dostoyevsky
4.Major works and their characteristics
5.Background and early life


The Biography of Fyodor Dostoevsky
Fyodor Michaylovich Dostoevsky was an outstanding Russian write and is now regarded as one of the best novelists in the world.
He was born on November the 11th 1821 in Moscow. His father was a physician and he was a quite cruel even to his servants, while his mother was a very kind woman. The place, where he lived, was surrounded by gloomy institutions, such as a cemetery, a mental house, an orphanage. This atmosphere greatly influenced his works in the future. From the early age, Dostoevsky sometimes suffered from epilepsy.
When he turned 17, he successfully passed the exams and entered Saint Petersburg Institute of Military Engineering. His early works were published when he was 21 or 22 years old. At first he translated Balzac’s novel “Eugenie Grandet” and a year later he wrote his first work – “Poor Folk”, which made him immediately famous. One of the best literary critics of that time Belynsky said that this novel was excellent and socially useful.
Dostoevsky soon left his military career and devoted himself to writing. After that he wrote several other novels and short stories, which didn’t bring him success and left him in financial crisis. Other difficult periods in novelist’s life include Siberian exile and prison from 1849 till 1854 and the gambling trip to Europe. In 1866 one of his most renowned works “Crime and Punishment” was published. At the same time he was working on “Gambler”.
In 1867 Dostoevsky married his young assistant and stenographer Anna Snitkina and they went together to Germany for their honeymoon. Soon their first daughter Sonya was born. Unfortunately, the child was ill and died after three months. In 1869 in Dresden their second daughter Lyubov was born. In 1871 Dostoevsky and his family returned to Saint Petersburg. While travelling he wrote another outstanding novel “The Idiot” and started working on “Demons”.
Dostoyevsky is one of the most famous Russian writers recognized around the world. He was born on October 30 (November 11 N.S.) in 1821 in Moscow.
When he was 16 his mother passed away and he moved to Saint-Petersburg and entered Engineering School.
He wrote his first novel Poor Folk in 1845 and some time later second one The Double. The first novel had positive critics’ previews but the second one not really.
In 1849 he was arrested and sentenced to death but then it was changed to 4 years in prison.In 1857 he married Matia Isaeva.Dostoyevsky loved traveling and went to Europe often. He started gambling there and lost a lot of money. As a result he wrote a novel the Gambler.
In 1864 his wife passed away and in 1867 he married his stenographer Anna Grigoryevna Dostoyevskaya. She gave birth to 4 children but only Lyubov and Fedor lived a long life, two other children died when they were little. He didn’t have any children with his first wife.
Dostoyevsky died of tuberculosis and chronic bronchitis on January 28, 1881 when he was 59. He was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in Saint-Petersburg.
His most famous works are «Crime and Punishment», «the Idiot», «the Gambler», «the Brothers Karamazov». Directors still make films on his books and put plays. There are the Dostoyevsky museums in Moscow, in Saint-Petersburg and in Staraya Russa. There are his monuments, streets, schools named after him and stamps and coins with his portrait.
Dostoyevsky is considered one of the greatest writers in world literature. Best-known for his novels «Crime and Punishment» (1866) and «The Brothers Karamazov» (1880), he attained profound philosophical and psychological insights which anticipated important developments in 20th century thought, including psychoanalysis and existentialism. In addition, Dostoyevsky s powerful literary depictions exerted a profound influence on modern writers, such as Franz Kafka, whose works further develop some of the Russian novelist’s themes. The writers own troubled life enabled him to portray with deep sympathy characters who are emotionally and spiritually downtrodden and who in many cases epitomize the traditional Christian conflict between the body and the spiri
Dostoyevsky grew up in a middle-class family in Moscow. His father, a doctor, was a tyrant toward his family, and his mother was a mild, pious woman who died before Dostoyevsky was sixteen.
Partly to escape the oppressive atmosphere of his father’s household, the boy acquired a love of reading, especially the works of Nikolai Gogol, E. T. A. Hoffmann, and Honore de Balzac. At his fathers insistence, Dostoyevsky trained as an engineer in St. Petersburg. While the youth was at school, his father was murdered by his own serfs at the family’s small country estate. Dostoyevsky rarely mentioned his father’s murder, but Oedipal themes are recurrent in his work, and Sigmund Freud suggested that the novelist’s epilepsy was a manifestation of guilt over his repressed wish for his fathers death.

Dostoyevsky graduated from engineering school but chose a literary career. His first published work, a translation of Balzac’s novel «Eugenie Grander», appeared in a St. Petersburg journal in 1844. Two years later, he published his first novel, «Poor Folk» (1846), a naturalistic tale with a clear social message as well as a delicate description of life’s tragic aspects as manifested in everyday existence.

The twenty-four-year-old author became an overnight celebrity when Vissa-rion Belinsky, the most influential critic of the day, praised Dostoyevsky for his social awareness and declared him the literary successor of GogoL Dostoyevsky joined Belinskys literary circle but later broke with it when the critic reacted coldly to his subsequent works. Belinsky judged the novel «The Double» (1846) and the short stories «Mr. Prokharchin» (1846) and «The Landlady» (1847) as devoid of a social message.
Dostoyevski’s last work was «The Brothers Karamazov» (1880), a family tragedy, which is viewed as one of the great novels of world literature. The novel recounts the murder of a father by one of his four sons. Initially, his son Dmytro is arrested for the crime, but as the story unfolds it is revealed that the illegitimate son Smerdyakov has killed the old man. Dostoyevsky envisioned this novel as the first of a series of works depicting the life of a great sinner, but early in 1881, a few months after completing «The Brothers Karamazov», the writer died at his home in St. Petersburg.
To his contemporary readers, Dostoyevsky appeared as a writer primarily interested in the terrible aspects of human existence. However, later critics have recognized that the novelist sought to plumb the depths of the psyche, in order to reveal the full range of the human experience, from the basest desires to the most elevated spiritual yearnings, Above all, he illustrated the universal human struggle to understand God and self.
Dostoevsky died on February the 9th 1881 after suffering a lung hemorrhage. His last novel was “The Brothers Karamazov”.