Tuzning molar massasini (g/mol) toping
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DTM-2019. 1945493 yechim
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- D)2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-oktametilgeksan
- B) 0; +5; +2
- D) X - 54; Y – 68
- C) 3, 4, 1, 2
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Kimyo Sardor Voxidov 1945493
1. Tarkibi alangani sariq rangga bo‘yaydigan aktiv metall kationidan va kumush ioni bilan sariq cho‘kma hosil qiladigan aniondan iborat tuzning molar massasini (g/mol) toping. A) 212 B) 310 C) 164 D) 149 Yechim: Na +
PO 4 3- ioni Ag + bilan sariq cho’kma hosil qiladi. Na 3 PO 4 = 23*3+95=164 ------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Mis (I)-oksid va mis (I)-sulfidlar aralashmasi o‘zaro ta’sirlashganda tarkibida 0,8 mol Cu va 3,2 g S atomlari tutgan qattiq qoldiq olindi. Reaksiyada ajralgan gaz hajmini (l, n.sh.) aniqlang. A) 3,36 B) 1,12 C) 2,24 D) 4,48 Yechim:
Cu 2 S 2m----32g (S) x-----3.2g x=0.2m (Cu) 0.8-0.2=0.6mol mis metall hosil bo’lgan. 2Cu
2 O + Cu
2 S = 6Cu + SO 2
0.6m----x=2,24l ------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Kaliy permanganatning neytral eritmasi orqali eten va propen aralashmasi o‘tkazilganda 1,74 g cho‘kma olindi. Hosil bo‘lgan spirtlar toza holda ajratib olindi va 1,15 g Na bilan ishlandi. Reaksiyada ajralgan vodorod hajmini (l, n.sh.) aniqlang. A) 0,56 B) 0,672 C) 0,112 D) 0,336 Yechim: Tarkibi umuman axamiyatsiz. Ekvivelentdan ishlaymiz. 2Na
→H 2
46g----22,4l 1,15g----x=0,56l ------------------------------------------------------------- 4. 2,3,3-trimetil-2-xlorbutanga natriy gidroksidning spirtdagi eritmasi bilan ta’sirlashishidan olingan mahsulotga dastlab vodorod bromid, so‘ngra natriy metali ta’sir ettirildi. Oxirgi moddaning nomini aniqlang. A)2,2,3,3-tetrametilgeksan B)2,2,3,3,5,5-geksametilgeksan C)2,3,3-trimetilbuten-1
------------------------------------------------------------- 5. X -2
+3, Z 0 zarrachalari ikkitadan elektron chiqarsa, qanday zarracha holiga o‘tadi? A) -4; +5; +2 B) 0; +5; +2 C) 0; +1; -2 D) -4; +1; -2 ------------------------------------------------------------ 6. Qaysi zarrachalar tarkibidagi elektronlar farqi 2 ga teng?
B) Ca +2 va Cl
+5
C) N -3 va P
-3 D) Al +3 va N
3-
Yechim: xar bir variantni tekshirib ko’rasiz. ------------------------------------------------------------- 7. Quyidagi o‘zgarishlar asosida uglerod tutgan X va kremniy tutgan Y moddalarning molar massalari (g/mol) yig‘indisini toping. 1mol K 2
𝐶𝑂2 → . . . 𝐶𝑂2/𝐻2𝑂 → 𝑋 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 (1𝑚𝑜𝑙)𝑡 → . . . 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → . . . 𝐵𝑎(𝑂𝐻)2(1𝑚𝑜𝑙)𝑡 → 𝑌 A) 270 B) 313 C) 194 D) 260 Yechim: K 2 O + CO
2 = K
2 CO 3 K 2 CO 3 + CO
2 +H
2 O = 2KHCO 3 -------X KHCO 3 +SiO 2 = K
2 SiO
3 + CO
2 + H
2 O
K 2 SiO 3 +2HCl = 2KCl + SiO 2 +H
2 O
Ba(OH) 2 + SiO 2 = BaSiO
3 +H
2 O
X= KHCO 3 = 100g/mol Y= BaSiO 3 = 213g/mol 100+213=313 ------------------------------------------------------------- 8. Qizdirilgan mis (II)-oksidi ustidan 44,8 l (n.sh.) ammiak gazi o‘tkazildi. Olingan gazlar aralashmasi (n.sh.) HCl eritmasidan o‘tkazilganda 5,6 l (n.sh.) gaz kislota eritmasiga yutilmay qoldi. Ammiakning qancha qismi CuO bilan ta’sirlashgan? A) 1/4 B) 2/3 C) 1/3 D) ¾ Yechim: N 2 = 5,6/22,4=0.25m NH 3 = 44,8l /22,4=2m 3CuO+2NH 3 = 3Cu + N 2 + 3H
2 O
2m-----------1m 0,5m= x------------0,25m 0.5/2=1/4 ------------------------------------------------------------- 9. Poliizopren molekular massasi 13600 ga teng bo‘lsa, polimer tarkibida necha dona gibrid orbitallar mavjudligini aniqlang. A) 7200 B) 4500 C) 3600 D) 5400 Yechim: (C 5 H 8 ) n = 68n=13600 n=200 4*3+3*2=18ta gibrid orbital. 18 ∙ 200= 3600ta orbital. ------------------------------------------------------------- 10. Quyidagi o‘zgarishlar asosida hosil bo‘lgan X va Y organik moddalarning molar massalari (g/mol) yig‘indisini toping. Siklogeksan 𝑡,𝑝,𝑘𝑎𝑡−3𝐻2 → 𝐴 (1𝑚𝑜𝑙) (1𝑚𝑜𝑙)𝐻𝑁𝑂3 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4
→ 𝑋 3𝑍𝑛+6𝐻𝐶𝑙 →
Kimyo Sardor Voxidov 1945493 . . .
𝐻𝐵𝑟 → . . . 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑌 A) 224 B) 267 C) 297 D) 216 ------------------------------------------------------------- X= C
6 H 5 NO 2 = 123g Y= C 6 H 5 NH 2 = 93g 123+93=216
11.
Mr(propin) Mr(butin) Mr(pentin) 40
X Y X va Y ni hisoblang. (Ar(H) = 1; Ar(C) = 12) A) X - 70; Y - 82 B) X - 56; Y - 70 C) X - 72; Y - 86 D) X - 54; Y – 68 ------------------------------------------------------------- 12. CH
4 1500
o C da qizdirilganda atsetilen hosil qiladi. Agar olingan gazlar aralashmasida hajm jihatdan 1/7 qismi atsetilen bo‘lsa, reaksiya unumini (%) toping.
Yechim: 2CH 4
2 H 2 +3H 2
2m-------1m---3m
Jami 7mol. -1m-3m=3mol CH 4
2m+3m= 5mol -------100% 2m------x=40% ------------------------------------------------------------- 13. Quyidagilardan qaysi biri to‘yingan yog‘ kislota hisoblanadi? 1) palmitin kislota; 2) olein kislota; 3) linol kislota; 4) stearin kilota A) 2, 4 B) 2, 3 C) 1, 4 D) 1, 3 ------------------------------------------------------------- 14. 8,83 g ammoniy karbonat va natriy nitrat aralashmasi to‘liq parchalanganda 4,83 g qattiq qoldiq olindi. Dastlabki aralashmadagi azot atomlari sonini aniqlang. A) 0,34
∙N A B) 0,18 ∙N A C) 0,13 ∙N A D) 0,1 ∙N A
Yechim: ikki noma’lum qiling. 96x+170y=8,83 138y=4,83 Y=0.035m x=0,03m 0,03*2+0.035*2= 0.13m jami azot. ------------------------------------------------------------- 15. Ma’lum hajmli alkanga o‘z hajmidan 5 marta ko‘p azot va kislorod aralashmasi (Mo`r=29,6 g/mol) qo‘shildi. Alkan va kislorod to‘liq reaksiyaga kirishgan bo‘lsa, alkanni aniqlang (barcha o‘lchashlar n.sh. da amalga oshirilgan).
Yechim: 28 2,4-----------x=3m (azot) 29,6 32 1,6--------x=2m (kislorod) 4---------5m 1,5n+0.5=2 1,5n=1,5 n=1 16. n(O)=1,5 mol bo‘lgan KNO 3 va Cu(NO 3 )
aralashmasida kaliy atomlari umumiy atomlarning 1/8 qismini tashkil etadi. Ushbu aralashma to‘liq parchalanganda hosil bo‘lgan gazlar hajmini (l, n.sh.) hisoblang.
Yechim: Cu(NO 3
2 * xKNO
3
𝑥 9 + 5𝑥 = 1 8
8x = 9+5x X=3 Cu(NO
3 ) 2 * 3KNO 3
6+9=15m (O) 1m------3m----15m(O) 0.1m---0.3m---1,5m 2Cu(NO
3 ) 2 = 2CuO + 4NO 2 +O 2
2m-----------------------112l 0.1m---------------x=5,6l 2KNO
3 = 2KNO
2 +O
2
2m-----------------22,4l 0.3m--------x=3,36l 5,6l + 3,36l = 8,96l ------------------------------------------------------------- 17. Mis (II)-xlorid va temir (III)-xlorid eritmalari bo‘lgan elektrolizorlar ketma-ket tok manbaiga ulangan. Anodda jami 1,8 mol xlor ajralib chiqqan bo‘lsa, birinchi idish katodida necha gramm mis ajralgan? A) 38,4 B) 14,4 C) 28,8 D) 57,6 Yechim: Tok bir xil o’tishi kerak. CuCl
2 = Cu + Cl 2
3m-------192g---3m----6F 2FeCl
3 = 2Fe+ 3Cl 2
Cu -----Fe ------Cl 2 -----tok 192g----112g----6m-----6F x--------------------1,8m x=57,6g ------------------------------------------------------------- 18. Geliy bilan qaysi gaz teng massada aralashtirilsa, molar massa 7,0 g/mol bo‘ladi? A) azot B) metan C) fosfin D) kislorod Yechim: 7g------3,5g-------3,5g 3,5g/4=0,875m He , 1m-0.875m=0.125m 0.125m-----3,5g
Kimyo Sardor Voxidov 1945493 1m--------x=28g/mol ------------------------------------------------------------- 19. C
6 H 5 CH 2 CH 3 + KMnO
4 + H
2 SO 4 → Oksidlanish-qaytarilish reaksiyasini tugallang hamda chap tomondagi koeffitsiyentlar yig‘indisini aniqlang. A) 56 B) 35 C) 84 D) 50 Yechim:
5C 6 H 5 -C n H 2n+1
+(6n)KMnO 4 +(9n)H 2 SO 4 = 5C 6 H 5 COOH+5(n-1)CO 2 +(6n)MnSO 4 + (3n)K
2 SO 4 +(14n)H
2 O
(15n+5)+(28n)=43n+5 –jami koefetsentlar yig’indisi. 15n+5= chap tomon 15*2+5=35 ------------------------------------------------------------- 20. Quyidagi moddalarni bog‘ energiyasi ortish tartibida joylashtiring. 1) HCl; 2) HF; 3) HI; 4) HBr A) 4, 3, 1, 2 B) 2, 1, 4, 3
------------------------------------------------------------- 21. 254
102 𝑁𝑜 → x ɑ + y – β + 238
96 𝐶𝑚
yadro reaksiyasi asosida 6; 02 ∙ 10
19 dona elektron hosil bo‘lgan bo‘lsa, yemirilgan nobeliy izotopi massasini (mg) hisoblang. A) 25,4 B) 12,7 C) 38,1 D) 6,35 Yechim: 2x-y=6 4x=254-238=16 X=4 y=2 254mg---------12,04 ∙10 20
x-------------------6,02 ∙10
19
x=12,7mg ------------------------------------------------------------- 22. Zichligi 1,2 g/ml bo‘lgan 600 g eritmada 147 g ortofosfat kislota mavjud. Eritma konsentratsiyasini (mol/l) hisoblang. (Zichlik nisbiy olingan)
600/1,2=500ml 147/98=1,5m ---------500ml x----------1000ml x=3M ------------------------------------------------------------- 23. Quyidagi jadvaldan foydalanib, alkan Molekulasining massasi (m.a.b) toping. Alkan C-H
C-C X a+5 a-1
C-C= n-1 C-H= 2n+2 2n+2=n+5 n=3 24. 25 o
pOH qiymatidan to‘rt birlikka ko‘p bo‘lsa, quyidagi fikrlardan qaysilari to‘g‘ri? a) [H +
∙ 10 -5 ; b) [OH - ] = 1 ∙ 10 -5 ;
zarg‘aldog‘i pushti ranga kiradi; e) pH < 7;
A) b, d, f B) a, c, e C) b, c, f D) a, d, e Yechim: pH-pOH=4 pH+pOH=14 pH=9 pOH=5
25. Qaysi birikma(lar)da fosfor III valentli hisoblanadi? 1) PCl 5 ; 2) PCl 3 ; 3) P
4 ; 4) P
2 O 5 A) faqat 1 B) faqat 2 C) 2, 3 D) 1, 4
26. Metan, etin va etandan iborat aralashmani gidrogenlash uchun sarflangan vodorod hajmi aralashma hajmiga teng. Xuddi shunday aralashmani yoqish uchun sarflangan kislorod hajmi aralashma hajmidan 2,55 marta ko‘p bo‘lsa, dastlabki gazlar aralashmasidagi 𝜑(CH
4 ) ni
aniqlang. A) 0,3 B) 0,2 C) 0,25 D) 0,4 Yechim: x+y+z=1mol 2y =1 2x+2,5y+3,5y=2,55 y=0.5 x= 0.3 z=0.2 ------------------------------------------------------------- 27. A
(g) + 3B
(g) = C
(g) + 2D
(g) reaksiyada A va B moddaning boshlang‘ich konsentratsiyalari mos ravishda 5 va 9 mol/l ga teng. 20 sekunddan so‘ng ularning konsentratsiyalari tenglashgan bo‘lsa, D moddaning hosil bo‘lish tezligini (mol/(l ∙ sek)) hisoblang.
Yechim: A + 3B = C + 2D 5m-x=9-3x 4=2x x=2
D = 2x=4mol/l--------20s x-----------1s x=0,2mol/l*sek 28. 100 ml (p=1,006 g/ml) 2M li sulfat kislota suvli eritmasi necha gramm kaliy gidrid bilan to‘liqm reaksiyaga kirshadi? (Zichlik nisbiy olingan) A) 98 B) 196 C) 16 D) 32 Yechim: 100*1,006g/ml=1,006g 1000ml-----2M 100ml-----x=0.2m*98=19,6g H 2 SO
100,6g-19,6=81g H 2 O
Kimyo Sardor Voxidov 1945493 H 2 SO 4 + 2KH = K 2 SO 4 +2H 2
98g------80g 19,6g----x=16g KH+H 2
2
40g---18g x------81g x=180g 180+16=196g jami. ------------------------------------------------------------- 29. H 2
2 = 2HCl sistemada muvozanat holatdagi moddalarning miqdorlari mos ravishda 2 mol, 2 mol va 4 molga teng. Sistemaga qancha (mol) H2 qo‘shilsa, yangi muvozanat qaror topgandan keyin HCl ning miqdori 5 mol bo‘ladi? (V=2 litr, T=const.) A) 16/3 B) 7/3 C) 3/18 D) 8/3 Yechim: 5m-4m= 1mol HCl hosil bo’lishi kk. H 2
2 = 2HCl 1------1m---2m 0.5m—0.5m—1m [H 2
[Cl 2 ]=1,5/2=0.75 [HCl]=5/2=2.5 𝐾𝑚 =
2 2
1 ∗ 1 = 4
𝐾𝑚 = 2.5
2 0.75 ∙ 𝑦 = 4 6,25=3y
y=25/12 0.75+0.5x=25/12 0.5x= 25/12-9/12=16/12=4/3 Y=8/3 ------------------------------------------------------------- 30. 200 g 5%li natriy gidroksid eritmasi elektroliz qilinishi natijasida molyal konsentratsiyasi 2,5 mol/kg bo‘lgan eritma hosil bo‘ldi. Elektroliz jarayoni uchun sarflangan faraday miqdorini aniqlang. A) 2,5 B) 5 C) 10 D) 7,5 Yechim: 200g*0.05=10g/40=0.25mol 2.5mol----------1000g 0.25m--------x=100g (H 2 O) 190g-100g=90g suv elektroliz bo’lgan. 2H
2 O = 2H
2 +O
2
36g------------4F 90g-----------x=10F
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