Vocabulary of Germanic language. Germanic alphabets Prepared by Jumabaeva Gúlchehra

Vocabulary of Germanic language. Germanic alphabets

Prepared by Jumabaeva Gúlchehra

Checked by Baxırlı Xaydarovna

1. Branches of Germanic language.

1. Branches of Germanic language.

2. Tenses in Germanic language.

3. The German alphabet.

4. Pronunciation of German letters.

Contents:

The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa. The most widely spoken Germanic language, English, is also the world's most widely spoken language with an estimated 2 billion speakers. All Germanic languages are derived from Proto-Germanic, spoken in Iron Age Scandinavia.

The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa. The most widely spoken Germanic language, English, is also the world's most widely spoken language with an estimated 2 billion speakers. All Germanic languages are derived from Proto-Germanic, spoken in Iron Age Scandinavia.

From the time of their earliest attestation, the Germanic varieties are divided into three groups: West, East, and North Germanic. Their exact relation is difficult to determine from the sparse evidence of runic inscriptions.

From the time of their earliest attestation, the Germanic varieties are divided into three groups: West, East, and North Germanic. Their exact relation is difficult to determine from the sparse evidence of runic inscriptions.

Tenses in German language

The reduction of the various tense and aspect combinations of the Indo-European verbal system into only two: the present tense and the past tense (also called the preterite).

The German alphabet

The German alphabet uses the same 26 letters as English, plus the extra character “ß”, and three vowels with umlauts, “ä”, “ü”, and “ö”. This article is the most comprehensive guide you’ll find to the German alphabet anywhere on the Internet. I’ll explain everything you need to know to read, write and pronounce the German alphabet.

“c” rarely appears outside of letter combinations like “sch”, but when it’s on its own, it’s pronounced like a German “z” (see below) before “e”, “i”, “y”, “ä”, “ö”. Before any other vowel it’s pronounced “hard”, like a “k”. (Generally, when an English word has a “hard c” , the German cognate is spelled with a “k”, e.g. “the music” vs. “die Musik”.)

“c” rarely appears outside of letter combinations like “sch”, but when it’s on its own, it’s pronounced like a German “z” (see below) before “e”, “i”, “y”, “ä”, “ö”. Before any other vowel it’s pronounced “hard”, like a “k”. (Generally, when an English word has a “hard c” , the German cognate is spelled with a “k”, e.g. “the music” vs. “die Musik”.)

"“j” is pronounced like an English “y” – like in the word ja (“yes”), pronounced “ya”.

"“j” is pronounced like an English “y” – like in the word ja (“yes”), pronounced “ya”.

“q”, like in English, is always followed by a “u”. The difference is that in English, “qu” is pronounced “kw”, but in German it’s pronounced “kv”.

“v” is pronounced like an English “f”.

“w” is pronounced like an English “v”. (Volkswagen in German is pronounced “folks-vagon”.)

“s” is pronounced like an English “z” at the beginning of a word or between two vowels, and like an English “s” elsewhere. (In Austria, an “s” at the beginning of a word is pronounced like an English “s”.)

“s” is pronounced like an English “z” at the beginning of a word or between two vowels, and like an English “s” elsewhere. (In Austria, an “s” at the beginning of a word is pronounced like an English “s”.)

“x” is always pronounced “ks”, even at the beginning of a word.

“z” is pronounced “ts”."

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