Upper extremities. We have four fingers and a thumb on each hand. Lower extremities. The lower extremity (the leg) consists of the hip, knee, calf, ankle and foot. The head consists of two parts:the skull and the face. The skull contains the brain and the face which consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the mouth, the cheeks, the ears and the chin. In the mouth there are gums with teeth, the tongue and the palate. The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. The upper part of the trunk is the chest. Breast cell, chest (Latin Thorax) - one of the parts of the body. It is formed by the sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, the thoracic spine, and muscles. The rib cage contains the chest cavity (Cavum thoracis), and because of the curvature of the diaphragm, the upper abdomen. The respiratory muscles, reinforced internally and externally on the rib cage, provide breathing in land vertebrates. Isofagus,lungs and heart are the principle organs in the chest. We breathe with the lungs. These organs are responsible for respiration. In humans, a pair of lungs is located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their function is to transport atmospheric oxygen into bloodstream, and release carbon dioxide from blood into the atmosphere. The heart contracts and makes 60-80 beats per minute. It is a muscular organ whose main function is to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body through blood vessels. The lower part of the trunk is the abdomen. In the peritoneal cavity (intraperitoneally) are located the gallbladder, stomach, spleen, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and cecum with appendix. The descending and ascending colon are partially covered by the peritoneum (located mesoperitoneally). The liver is almost completely covered by the peritoneum, and can belong to both the mesoperitoneal and intraperitoneal organs. The retroperitoneal space (retroperitoneally or extraperitoneally) contains the kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, pancreas, and most of the duodenum. The stomach. The muscular, hollow bag in the alimentary canal is called the stomach. It is the primary organ of the digestive system. The location of this organ is between the esophagus and small intestine. The liver. It is one of the most vital internal organs of the human body. The liver is an absolute necessity for survival. It carries out several functions including detoxification of blood, production of biochemicals for digestion, and protein synthesis. The spleen. The organ is very important with respect to the immune system. It is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Its function is to remove old red blood cells and also to recycle iron. The intestine. It is a segment of the alimentary canal, and it extends from the stomach to the anus. It is divided into: small intestine and the large intestine. The kidneys. Their function is regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid-base balance, regulation of blood pressure, production of urine. Gall-bladder. It helps in the process of digestion. It is located in the concave portion of liver that is called the gallbladder fossa. The length of this portion is about 8 cm in adults. The framework of the bones is called the skeleton. It supports the soft parts and protects the organs from injury. The bones are covered with muscles. Chesk yourself. - What is studied at anatomy classes?
- What are the principal parts of the human body?
- What is the organ of thinking called?
- What is there in the mouth?
- What is the head connected with the trunk by?
- How many beats per minute does the heart make?
- Which organs are located in the abdominal cavity?
- What is the skeleton?
- What is the function of the skeleton?
Найдите эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: - защищает органы от повреждений;
- верхняя часть туловища;
- верхние конечности;
- нижние конечности;
- легкие, сердце, пищевод- основные органы в грудной клетке;
- печень, селезенка, желудок, почки , желчный пузырь, кишечник, мочевой пузырь - основные органы в абдоминальной полости;
- сердце совершает 60-80 ударов в минуту;
- кости покрыты мышцами
- голова состоит из двух частей : черепа и лица;
- головной мозг;
- лицо состоит изо лба, глаз, щек, ушей, носа, рта, подбородка;
- десны , зубы, язык, небо находятся во рту.
Список рекомендованной литературы - Агабекян И.П., Английский язык, «Феникс», Ростов-на-Дону, 2016.
- Козырева Л.Г., Шадская Т.В., Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ, «Феникс», Ростов-на-Дону, 2015.
- Марковина И.Ю., Громова Г.Е., Полоса С.В., Английский язык. Вводный курс, Издательская группа «ГЭОТАР-Медиа», Москва, 2016.
- Интернет-ресурсы:
- https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Scarlet_fever
- https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/
- https://www.lingvolive.com/ru-ru
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