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knizhka Karamisheva
2. Degrees of comparison of adverbs
The category of the degrees of comparison of adverbs is similar to that of adjectives. It is a system of three-member opposemes (soon -sooner - soonest; actively - more actively - most actively; швидко -швидше - найшвидше; активно — бшъш активно/актившше — най- 200 201 активнше) showing whether the characteristic, the adverb expresses, is absolute or relative. The "comparative" and "superlative" members of the opposeme are built up either synthetically (by means of affixation or suppletivity) or analytically (by means of word-morphemes). Degrees of comparison are characteristic in both languages of all the qualitative as well as some circumstantial adverbs (among the later ones: late, soon, near, far, often and some others). In English the synthetic way of degrees formation is characteristic only of the one-syllable adverbs (fast, hard, late, soon) and some two-syllable ones (early, often, quickly, slowly). The majority of adverbs form their degrees of comparison analytically (clearly - more clearly - most clearly). In Ukrainian the synthetic way of degrees formation is prevailing. In both languages there is a suppletive way of degrees formation: добре (гарно) - краще - найкраще, погано - zipvue -найггрше; well - better - best, badly - worse - worst, much - more -most; little — less - least etc. With regard to the category of the degrees of comparison adverbs (like adjectives) fall into comparables and non-comparables. The number of non-comparables is much greater among adverbs than among adjectives. In other words, there are many adverbs whose lexemes contain but one word (yesterday, always, northward, upstairs, etc). As to the degrees of comparison one might say that the synthetic form of the superlative grammeme (деталътше, менше) is no longer used colloquially and is employed for some stylistic purpose. The corresponding English grammeme (oftenest, soonest) occurs in different speech styles. Though this category is not pertaining to all adverbs, nevertheless it plays an important role for this class of words. Therefore, there exists the view that it is not correct to define adverb as an unchangeable part of speech. Download 1.73 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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