= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

Semi-notional verbs have very general, "faded" lexical meanings, as in be, have, become, seem, can, may, must, etc., where the meaning of 'action' is almost obliterated. Semi-notional verbs are hardly isolatable. Their combinability is usually bilateral as they serve
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to connect words in speech. They are comparatively few in number, but of very frequent occurrence, and include two peculiar groups: link verbs and modal verbs [24; 116-121]. Ukrainian verbs possess the mentioned two groups as well (link verbs: бути, ставати; modal verbs - могши, муЫти). Unlike English ones Ukrainian modal verbs are conjugated (em може читати, вонимусятъробити).
Similarly to other parts of speech variants of the same verb lexeme may belong to different subclasses. The verb grow in the meanings "develop", "increase in size", etc. belongs to the class of notional verbs, e.g.: How quickly you are growing! In the meaning "become" it belongs to the link verbs, e.g.: He is growing old.
When the verb have means "possess", it is a notional verb, e.g.: How much money do you have? When it expresses obligation, need or necessity, it is a modal verb, e.g.: He had to make the best of the situation.
Verbs can be also divided into subjective and objective, depending upon their combinability with words denoting the subjects and the objects of the actions they name.
Objective verbs are mostly associated with two nouns (or noun-equivalents) denoting the subject and the object of the action named by the verb. Subjective verbs are associated only with nouns (noun-equivalents) denoting the subject of the action.
In the sentence She sat up and kissed him tenderly the verb kissed is an objective verb because it is associated with the pronoun she denoting the subject of the action of kissing and with the pronoun him denoting the object of the same action. The verb sat up is a subjective verb since it is associated only with the person she denoting the subject of the action.
In the sentence You are interfering with him the verb form are interfering is also objective because it is associated with the pronoun him denoting the object of the action of interfering. But there is some difference between the two verbs in kissing him and interfering with him. The first verb is associated with the word denoting the object of an action (let us call it the "object word") directly, the second verb is connected with the object word by means of a preposition.
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Objective verbs that are connected with their object words directly are called transitive verbs. All the other verbs, both subjective and objective, are called intransitive.
As usual, variants of a verb lexeme may belong to different subclasses. Compare:
He opened the door (objective, transitive).
The door opened (intransitive, subjective).
Add some more water (objective, transitive).
The music added to our enjoyment (objective, intransitive).
The figures would not add (intransitive, subjective).
Verbs can be classified in accordance with the aspective nature of their lexical meanings into terminative (термшативний, кшцевий, той, що вказуе на межу завершения певно'1 дп) and non-terminative.
Terminative verbs denote actions which cannot develop beyond a certain inherent limit. The actions denoted by non-terminative verbs have no inherent meanings. Compare the two sentences:
He was carrying a box on his shoulders.
Take this empty box away and bring me a full one.
The verbs to carry and to bring may denote the same kind of action. But carry does not imply any time or space limits when or where the action would naturally stop, while bring does. So carry is a non-terminative verb and bring is a terminative one. Live, love, stand, sit, work, walk, etc. are non-terminative verbs. Come, take, stand up, sit down, etc. are terminative verbs.
As usual, variants of the same lexeme may belong to different subclasses. When meaning "(to) engage in physical or mental activity", the verb (to) work is non-terminative, e.g.:
/ have been working hard all day.
But when (to) work means "to produce as a result", it is terminative, e.g.:
The storm worked great ruin [24; 122-125].
English terminative and non-terminative verbs can be to some extent coiTelated with Ukrainian verbs expressing the perfective and imperfective aspects (д1еслова доконаного та недоконаного виду: нести - принести, любити -розлюбити, cudimu - npucicmu).
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Following is the brief summary of the general characteristics of English and Ukrainian verbs. In comparison with other parts of speech in modern English the verb has the most developed system of the word-change (словозмша), in which the grammatical categories of person, number, aspect, tense, mood and state (категор11 особи, числа, виду, часу, способу i стану) are revealed.
In Ukrainian the verb as well forms a rich and complex system of forms, which express the same grammatical categories. Besides, some Ukrainian verb forms also express the category of gender.
In both languages the verb has the meaning of transitiveness and intransitiveness (перехцщють та неперехщнють).
Grammatical categories in both languages are expressed with the help of synthetic and analytical forms. The difference is that in the system of English verb analytical forms are dominant ones, whereas in Ukrainian - synthetic forms are prevailing.
Verb forms in English and in Ukrainian are divided into personal and non-personal verbs (oco6obi та Heoco6oBi д1еслова). Personal are those forms which perform only the function of predicate, and non-personal are those that are never used in this function and can be other different parts of sentences. There is a great difference both in the composition of personal and non-personal verb forms and in their characteristics in English and Ukrainian [5; 70].