• All the information included to the

The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis By Heiko Krüger

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• “Most of the region could meanwhile be regarded as 
being settled by Azerbaijani tribes, such as the Otuziki, 
Javanshir and Kebirli. 
• Although a proportion of Karabakh’s population was 
Christian-Albanian and Armenian, most of its 
population at this time was Muslim.
• Research in recent decades has shown that 80% of the 
population in the southern Caucasus region was 
Muslim and 20% Armenian. The Armenian population 
in Karabakh was still only 8.4% of the total in 1823.”
The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis By Heiko Krüger

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Then how it comes that the population of Nagorno-Karabakh 
in 1989 was mostly 77% Armenians??....

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1850s
Russia
Iran
Ottoma
n
After Turkmanchay Treaty 1828
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560,000 Armenians were settled in 
Azerbaijan between 1828 and 1920 by
Russian Empire from Ottoman Empire
(Turkey) and Persian Impire (Iran)
“The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict” by Jacob Dougherty, University of Wisconsin

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Russia
1850s
Iran
Ottoma
n

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1917- Russian revolution
Transcaucasia
Soviet union

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• …..it was ultimately decided that Nagorno-Karabakh should 
remain in the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic and be granted 
autonomous status (1923).
• This was the final and binding ruling which was repeatedly