1. Computer generation and their classification Computer architecture and working principles

Subject:Computer types.

Plan:

1. Computer generation and their classification

2. Computer architecture and working principles

3. Personal computers supply and its types

4. Computer fundamental and around the device and their characteristics

Computer generation and their classification, computer architecture and working principles, personal computers supply and its types, computer, basic and around the device and their characteristics, kanalli and tires sistemotexnika, mikroprosessor and the computer memory, pluck review system about the knowledge and concepts with will be acquainted.

1. Computer generation and their classification

Society computer techniques rapidly with into coming and coming. Computer engineering is the work doing, new documents , and each has the same information quickly and the quality of preparation and analysis to, sharing, complex account books to carry, use , production process of some of the automation facilitates. Near future kompyutersiz life imagine do not. This is the reason for the computer on knowledge is very necessary will be.
In the 1930s american scientist Vannevar Bush by computer large elektromexanik analogues - differential of analizator is created which data storage for electronic lamps used. 1941- in the years of German engineering Z3 , called first , is the program working is machine generated. 1943- in the year that Great Britain has a secret laboratory in Alan take tyurin led electronic lamps used Column called the first COMPUTER was created. 1944- in the year AQCity's military for american engineer Howard eyk in faen in elektromexanik rele based on weight 35 tons exposure to create. This machine "MARK-1" as named was. But his speed at the time of requirements answer did not give was. 1946- the year in the american scientists Receiving Mo and Prespera Ekerta first universal full electronic computing machine was created. This machine electronic lamps on the basis of working "ENIAC" name received. In 1947 BELL labs employees V. a shock, J. bar territories and V. Berteyn by the first soldiers discovered were. 1948-years while electronic lamps instead of discovered was of soldiers in support began. In 1949 Djeyms Forrester by a magnetic memory, the equipment was created and the same year, Cambridge university, the first memory having EXPOSURE - "EDSAC" called EXPOSURE created. 1959 -in the year that robert jan (INTEL firm who created the person) single plate a few soldiers place integrated scheme of creation. 1968- in the year that Burroughs the firm by an integrated scheme that used the first computer developed was. American injiner Douglas Endjelbart current mouse device, the function of acting equipments 1968- in the year created. From the 1970s , starting with intel firm of memory integrated scheme in-out began. Marsh ionian Edward Xoff to mikroprotsessor discovered has (one silicon chip in a few integrated scheme placed). 1973-year exposure from new options, personal computers in the creation of start. The same year in france TRUONG tron get the oldest and largest firm by the first personal computer (Sh -K) was created. In 1973, the year of the world well-known XEROX firm by From called ShK created. This computer, the first is that files and programs from windows form to open the principle used. In 1977, apple computer and of the firm by the apple II called ShKlar mass on the basis of equal out I will start. Osborn 1980yilda computer that firm 's first portable computer in and out began. This computer has a weight of 11 kg, very small in size and able , which is and the price of 1795 dollars is. 1981-the year the start of the international business machines (ibm) the firm by ShKlar seriyalab out will start and the whole world in selling will start. Then , since the computer in life solid settles, the information re - working of most modern means to become and whole, to the world known is. This is the reason for ShKlar standard same computer name with will be named - the ibm pc (Personal computer).
This calculation technique generations to be exchanged elements in the base of yangilanishidangina is not, but every one of the new generation with exposure to practical use issues new charging methods and dasturli security new organization, the mission also into the body come. His development level, the elements of the base, memory and speed depending of exposure is basically five generations into is divided.
The first generation -1946-1955-for years you own into gets. Exposure in the electronic scheme , all the elements of the separate parts in view of prepared. Them in the most important current at the time old radio and television meet can that vakum with electronic are the bulbs. Such lamps are a few metal cover on the chassis on installed, its turn in the chassis while EXPOSURE corps into is inserted. The same chassis to himself of the scheme other elements also to strengthen have been put. Exposure of himself while electronic lamps chassis with bloods thrown a lot of in the number of metal used shkafda is. The first generation of the car, the great hall I am master. Them hundreds of tons weigh, kw electrical energy at the expense worked. Their speed per second ( 10-20 thousand arifmetik far out is. Them ENIAC, EDSAC, MARK-1, mes'd BE, Arrows, head of the minsk-1 as Exposure occurs. In the year of 1953 created BE-1 computer in 4000 pieces and lamps, 3x5 meters in the volume of the area is located, the speed per second 7000 -8000 follow if, in memory of 4096 byte information received have.
The second generation -1955-1965-the years between the movement its own into gets. The exposure of soldiers to the invention be due to the appearance of is. Soldiers of size radiolampalarga than much smaller EXPOSURE block printed boards that called form prepare for the opportunity it gives. Such boards of one side of the soldiers and other elements worn operation, kleylangan second side surface scheme of elements connecting a thin see confirmation of the metal wires located on the plastic plate is which. Soldiers and boards use radiolampalarga than the less space you take up, the less energy you are spending and more reliable , the work was. In this case , the exposure is more compact, cheaper and tejamliroq to make the opportunity it gives. Their speed per second with 10 thousand to 100 thousand arifmetik apply, such Exposure is now used chiqarilmayotgan, but using a SA-501 model (AQSh,1959), Stretch (Uk), "Minsk-2", BESM6, POP-8, POP-11, cm-3, CM-4, CM-1420, Ural-1, Ural-16 , such as the consists.
Third generation -1960s of the mid and 1970- the year of his into gets. Exposure to the principles of integrated schemes of the organization makes. Such schemes first time AQCityin California in the state of Santa Klara in the city of created. Physics and chemistry in the field of studies of the schemes kremniyning pure crystals made of the plate is small in part, this part of the various substances, the desired mixture in a thin layer to apply , put on without build that showed. Elements birdagina of the plate many parts also organized make can. Silicon crystals on have been driven many - layer compounds is done in the form of such a scheme of integrated scheme of the name received. Single crystals located in the initial integrated sxemelarda hundred near elements located was. Integrated scheme of the invention , the exposure of the elements of the base further development for broad prospects opened has, these opportunities are now full using was not. E - scheme reliability level, them of the price decrease, the size of a compact work out how to automate a wide opportunity created. This generation of exposure in a in crystals thousand more than elements which store integrated schemes have been applied. Their speed 100 thousand to 1 million. arifmetik far out if, like exposure to "IBM-360" (AQSh,1965) and YeS (Acquisition system) to the family, belonging , which is YeS.-1022, YeS-1035, YeS-1055, YeS-1060 , such as the consists.
The fourth generation -1970 – 1980- the year of his into gets. Exposure in a silicon crystal in the ten thousands conductor elements which are large integrated schemes (BIS Bolshaya integralnaya scheme) is used. A silicon crystals are completely in most COMPUTER processor creation of the twentieth century 's great achievement is. Such a crystal processor mikroprotsessor of that name he took. As a result, one in boards of exposure to all of the device electronic scheme of placing possible is, thirty years ago the great hall who occupy exposure of himself while size and cost on the user of the work in the place of the individual in the procedure to apply for the opportunity created has. As a result, personal Exposure, pocket and table mikrokalkulyatori appear it will. Present at the time, processing speed, memory capacity and other features on the most high that a "super computer" machine preparation for the possibility of the appearance is. Such exposure to the most modern of elements on the basis prepared, very precious, but these machines of science and technique in different fields unique is not. Their speed per second 100 thousand to a few million arifmetik far out if, such Exposure among present at the time working out in wide using application Agat, Praves, IBM, DX2-66, Yamaxa, Korvet, power macintosh, Pentium , type ShKlar includes.
Fifth generation of computer optical elements on the basis of created to be planned is, they are the future of construction completion is. Thus, electric shock laser light with will be replaced. As a result, the computer structure also radically change.
His main features are one of only a number of the calculation is not, but the information included in the analysis to the method with thinking information also perform the capacity to have, just the computer with communicating natural special knowledge is also able to be should. Conclusion I say, the fifth generation of the computer working on the principle of human tafakko'rining activities possible as near should be. Therefore, this generation of the computer operative memory of the artificial intelligence in the image of the size you need. Also see, the fifth generation of exposure only to us known , which is a calculation of the process for it is not, but human activity in various fields wide range applied to be is. This area is the work of robotics in the field of artificial intelekt to based computer are