1. Functions of translation Main types of translation Equivalence in translation

The equivalence of translations of the first type consists in preserving only that part of the original that constitutes the purpose of communication:
There is such an episode in the novel "Hotel" by American writer Hayley. The owner of the hotel asks his pupil, a young Black man, why he has a bad relationship with the hotel manager. And he answers him:
Maybe there is some chemistry between us that doesn’t mix.
Бывает, что люди не сходятся характерами. Баъзан одамлар бир-бирини тушунмайдилар.
Why do they give such a translation? Because if translated by means of the meanings of lexical units of the English language, then in translation it would be incomprehensible to the reader, and even sound ridiculous
That`s a pretty thing to say Постыдился бы! Уялмайсанми!
In this example, the purpose of communication is to convey the emotion of the speaker who is outraged by the previous statement of the communicant.
Следующий пример:
A rolling stone gathers no moss
Катящийся камень мха не собирает. Катящийся камень мхом не обрастает.
Кому на месте не сидится , тот добра не наживёт
In this example, of course, we can easily find the equivalent of this proverb, but we must pay attention to the purpose of communication, i.e. it is good or bad not to grow moss. For the English people, moss means wealth, so it's bad not to grow moss.
The relationship between originals and translations of the first type of equivalence is characterized by:
1. The incompatibility of lexical composition and syntactic structure;
2. The inability to link the vocabulary and structure of the original and the translation by the relations of semantic paraphrasing or syntactic transformation;
3. The absence of real or direct logical connections between the messages in the original and the translation, which would allow us to assert that in both cases "the same thing is reported";
4. The least common content of the original and the translation in comparison with all other translations recognized as equivalent.