1. Kvant sonlar qaysi zarrachaga tegishli? A atom b proton c neytron d elektron
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. Vismut izotopi qanday zarrachalar bilan nurlantirilgan? A) α-zarracha B) neytron C) proton D) elektron E) pozitron
52. (01-2-35). Quyidagi yadro reaksiyasida qanday zarracha ajralib chiqadi? x At He Bi 211
85 4 2 209 83
A) neytron B) 2 ta neytron C) deyteriy D) pozitron E) elektron 53. (02-6-29). 238
U izotopi yadrosi radioaktiv par-chalanish natijasida 226
Ra yadrosiga aylandi. Bu jarayonlarda qancha α- va - β-zarrachalar ajralgan? A) 2α va 3 - β B) 3α va 2 - β C) 4α va 2 - β
D) 3α va 4 - β E) 3α va 4 - β 54. (02-11-38). 1932 yilda Chedvik berilliyni α-zarracha bilan bombardimon qilganda qaysi zarrachani ixtiro etgan edi? 9 Be + α
12 C + x A) proton B) neytron C) elektron D) pozitron E) neytrino
Variant – 2002 yil.
1. (101-17). Quyidagi o‟zgarish natijasida qanday zarracha ajralib chiqadi? 239 U = 239 Np + x A) 2 ta proton B) α-zarracha C) neytron D) proton E) β-zarracha
2. (102-17). Yadro reaksiyalarda izotopning atom massa soni o‟zgarmay, yadro zaryadi ortadigan jarayonni ko‟rsating. 1)
1 p =
1 n +
+ β 2) 1 n =
1 p +
- β 3)
1 p +
- β =
1 n
A) 2, 3 B) 2
C) 1, 3 D) 1, 2
E) 3
3. (103-17). Quyidagi tenglama bo'yicha 234 Pa = Pb + xα + y - β reaksiyada 23,4 g protakti-niy izotopi parchalanganda 3,01∙10 23 dona elektron hosil bo'lgan. Qo'rg'oshinning massa sonini toping. A) 206
B) 211 C) 210 D) 214 E) 208
4. (104-17). 27 Al + 4 He = 30 Si + ? Reaksiyasida qanday zarracha ajralib chiqadi? A) geliy atomi B) α-zarracha C) neytron D) proton E) 2 ta proton
5. (105-17). Radiaktiv jarayon tenglamasida no-ma‟lum zarracha tenglamasini toping. 226 Ra → 222 Rn + x A) deyteriy B) α-zarracha C) neytron
va
proton D) neytron E) pozitron
6. (106-17). Toriy izotopining yemirilish 230 Th → X + 4 - β + 206 Pb reaksiyasi bo‟yicha sodir bo‟ladi. Massasi 0,46 mg bo‟lgan izotop parchala-nishi natijasida hosil bo‟ladigan gaz mahsulot hajmini (sm 3 ) aniqlang. A) 0,269 B) 0,125 C) 0,145 D)
0,134 E) 0,122
7. (109-17). Keltirilgan javoblardan qaysi biri 41 Ca →
41 K jarayonida sodir bo‟ladi? 1) α - yemirilish
2) β
+ - parchalanish
3) β
– - parchalanish
4) 1s-orbital elektronini qamrab olish 5) γ - nurlanish A) 2, 3 B) 2, 5 C) 2, 4 D) 1, 2 E) 1, 5
8. (107-17). 209 Bi qanday zarrachalar bilan nurlantirilsa, 213 At hosil bo‟ladi? A) α-zarracha B) 1 p C) γ-nurlar D) 1 n E) 4 α + elektronlar 9. (110-17). Yadro reaksiyalaridn birida geliy yadrosi ishtirokida 14 N yadrosi bombardimon qilinganda proton ajralgan bo‟lsa, reaksiya natijasida yana qanday modda hosil bo‟ladi? A) 1
24 Mg C) 8 Be D) 12 C E) 17 O
40 K izotopidan 40 Ca izotopi hosil bo‟lgan. Bunda qan-day radiaktiv o‟zgarish sodir bo‟lishini aniqlang. A) yadroga elektron yutilishi B) β + - chiqarish C) α-chiqarish D) β - - chiqarish 11. (113-17). Yadro α- va 2 ta β-zarracha yo‟qotsa, atom massa soni va zaryadi qanday o‟zgarishini ko‟rsating. A) zaryadi 2 taga ko‟payadi, massa soni 4 taga kamayadi B) zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi, massa soni esa 4 taga kamayadi C) zaryad 1 taga, massa soni esa 4 taga kamayadi D) zaryadi va massa soni o‟zgarmaydi 12. (114-17). Ksenon-140 ning 4 ta β - va 4 ta β + va 1 ta elektronning yadroga qulashi natijasida qaysi element izotopi hosil bo‟ladi? A)
141 I B) 140 Cs C) 141 Cs D) 140 I
13. (116-17). Quyidagi jarayonlardan qaysi birida nuklonlar soni o‟zgarmaydi? 1) +
2) α-parchalanish 3) - β-parchalanish 4) elektronning yadroga qulashi 5) proton bilan bombardimon qilish A) 1,4,5 B) 2,3,4 C) 1,3,5 D) 1,3,4 E) 1,2,3 14. (117-17). Qaysi yadro reaksiyasida kislorod izotopi olinadi? A)
9 Be +
4 He =
1 n + … B) 11 B +
2 D =
1 n + …
C) 27 Al + 1 H =
4 He + … D) 14 N +
4 He =
1 H + …
15. (119-17). Quyidagi yadro reaksiyasida X zarrachani, uning massasi va zaryadini aniqlang.
A) -nurlar; 1, -1 B) α-zarracha; 2, +2 C) α-zarracha; 4, +2 D) β-zarracha; 1, 0
16. (118-17). 2,5 g toriy-232 izotop to‟liq parchala-nib qo‟rg‟oshin-208 izotopga aylanishida (n.sh.da) necha litr geliy ajralib chiqadi? A) 1,65 B) 0,28 C) 1,45 D) 0,18 E) 0,58
17. (120-17). Elementlarning radiaktiv yemirilish jarayonida bittadan α, β va γ-zarrachalar chiqqanda, quyidagi sxemani yozish mumkin:
E A N A N ' ' shu jarayonda hosil bo‟ladigan element uchun A‟ va N‟ qiymatlarini toping. A) A‟ = A – 2; N‟ = N – 1
B) A‟ = A – 3; N‟ = N – 2 C) A‟ = A – 4; N‟ = N – 1 D) A‟ < A; N‟ = N
18. (122-17). 238 U ning 119 g miqdori 226 Ra ga ay-lanishi natijasida α- va β-zarrachalar ajralganda ho-sil bo‟lgan elektronlarning zarrachalar ajralganda hosil bo‟lgan elektronlarning zarracha miqdorini hisoblang. A) 1,5 B) 2
C) 3 D) 4
E) 1
19. (124-17). E atomga α-zarrachalar ta‟sirida 211 At va 2 ta neytron hosil bo‟ldi. E izotopini aniqlang. A)
222 Rh B) 238 U C)
210 Po D) 207 Po E) 209 Bi
20. (125-17). Temirning 56 Fe izotopi neytronlar bilan nurlantirilganda, protonlar ajralib chiqadi. Bunda qanday elementning izotopi hosil bo‟ladi? A) 57
55 Fe C) 57 Mn D) 56 Mn E) 58 Co
21. (126-17). Quyidagi yadro reaksiyasi natijasida 2,23 mg fransiy yemirilganda, necha sm 3 geliy va qanday element hosil bo‟ladi? 223 Fr → X + 3α + 2β 1)
210 Pb 2) 0,672 3) 211 Bi
4) 211
Pb 5) 6,72 6) 6720 A) 4, 2
B) 2, 3 C) 5, 3 D) 6, 1 E) 6, 4
22. (127-17). Yadro reaksiyasi natijasida noma‟lum elementga α- zarracha ta‟sir ettirib 30 Si olingan va proton ajralib chiqqan . Noma‟lum elementni toping
A) 27 Al
B) 45 Sc C) 40 Ca D) 24 Mg E) 48 Ti
1. Atom yadrosi ikkita elektron yutib, ikkita pozit-ron ajratib chiqarsa, qanday o ‟ zgarish sodir bo ‟ ladi? A) yadro zaryadi va atom massalari o‟zgarmaydi B) yadro zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi C) yadro zaryadi 4 birlikka ortadi D) yadro zaryadi 4 birlikka kamayadi 2. Quyidagi 56 Fe + 1 n → 56 Mn + x yadro reaksiyasida qanday zarracha qatnashadi? A) 2
C) β-zarracha D) proton
3. Quyidagi radiaktiv yemirilish natijasida hosil bo‟ladigan izotop yadrosi tarkibida nechta proton bo‟ladi? 57 Mn → β – + E A) 25
B) 56 C) 28 D) 24 E) 26
4. Qaysi qatordagi yadroviy o‟zgarishlar har xil zarrachalar ajralib chiqishi bilan sodir bo‟ladi? 1)
234 U →
230 Th →
226 Ra →
222 Rn
2) 235
U → 231
Th → 231
Pa → 227
Ac 3)
210 Tl →
210 Pb →
210 Bi →
210 Po
4) 219
At → 219
Rn → 215
Po → 215
At A) 2, 4
B) 2, 3 C) 1, 4 D) 1, 3 E) 3, 4
5. Quyidagi 52 Cr + n = 1 H + A reaksiya natijasida hosil bo„lgan A element atomining yadrosida nechta neytron bor?
A) 29
B) 28 C) 27
D) 23 E) 21
6. Izotopning yadro zaryadi kamayib, massasi ortadigan yadro reasiyasini aniqlang. A) E + p = α +… B) E + n = p +… C) E + p = - β +…
D) E + n = + β +… 7. Uranning 238 U izotopi to‟rtta α-zarracha tarqatsa, uning yadro zaryadi va massasi qanday o‟zgaradi? 1) yadro zaryadi 8 taga kamayadi, massasi esa 16 taga kamayadi 2) yadro zaryadi 4 taga ortadi, massasi esa 4 taga kamayadi 3) yadro zaryadi 4 taga ortadi, massasi esa 8 taga kamayadi 4) yadro zaryadi 4 taga kamayadi, massasi esa 8 taga kamayadi 5) yadro zaryadi ham, massasi ham 4 taga ortadi A) 1 B) 5
C) 3 D) 4
E) 2
8. 27 Al + ? = 30 Si + 1 H reaksiyasida qanday zarracha ishtirok etadi? A) proton B) neytron C) α-zarracha D) 2 ta proton
9. Izotopning yadro zaryadi ortib, massasi kamayadigan yadro reasiyasini aniqlang. A) E +
+ β = n +… B) E + -
C) E + p = n +… D) E + α = p +…
10.
70 Zn
izotopga proton yog‟dirilganda yadro reaksiyasi natijasida geliy hosil bo„lgan. Shu reaksiyada hosil bo„lgan yangi izotopni toping. A) 71
70 Ga C) 67 Cu D) 69 Zn
11. Quyidagi jarayonda 238 U dan 2 ta α va 2 ta β-zarrachalar ajralib chiqsa, hosil bo‟ladigan yangi elementning tartib raqami nechaga teng bo‟ladi? A) 90 B) 91 C) 92 D) 88 12. Quyidagi yadro reaksiyasida qaysi element izotopi hosil bo‟ladi? 35 Cl +
2 H =
1 n + …
A) xlor B) oltingugurt C) argon D) kremniy 13. Ushbu tenglamada 209 Tl = β - + X hosil
bo„lgan element atomining
yadrosida nechta proton bo„ladi? A) 81 B) 82 E) 126 C) 127 D) 129 14.
238 U → E + 2α + 2 - β yadro reaksiyasida hosil bo‟ladigan elementning protonlari sonini toping. A) 90 B) 146 C) 143 D) 230 E) 140 15. Berilgan javoblardan qaysilari yadro reaksiyalarida hosil bo„lgan A element atom yadrosining protonlar sonini ko‟rsatadi? A Z Y X Ra 226 88
A) 218 B) 86 C) 222 D) 226 E) 228 16. Quyidagi yadro reaksiyalarining qaysilarida izotoplar hosil bo„lmaydi? 1)
z x A → y + α + 2β -
2) z x A → y + β
+ 3)
z x A → y + β –
4) z x A + e
- → y + hv 5) z
A + n
1 → y
A) 1, 5 B) 2, 3 C) 2, 3, 4 D) 3, 4, 5 E) 1, 4 17. 235
U izotopidan 7α va 4β - -zarrachalari nurlanishi natijasida hosil bo‟lgan element izotopidagi protonlar sonini toping. A) 125
B) 128 C) 100
D) 150 E) 82 18. Plutoniy-239 izotopi o‟zidan α-zarracha chiqarib, juda sekin yemiriladi. 1,826 ∙10 23 ta α-zarrachalar hosil bo‟lishi uchun necha gramm plutoniy yemiriladi? A) 7,17 B) 71,7 C) 3,58 D) 11,95 E) 18,06
19. Ushbu 215 Po →
211 Bi …
yadro reaksiyasi qanday sodir bo‟ladi va yadro zaryad necha birlikka o‟zgaradi? 1) α-zarracha qamrab olish
2) α-zarracha chiqarish 3) β - - zarracha qamrab olish
4) β
- -
zarracha chiqarish 5) 1 birlikka kamayadi
6) 1 birlikka ortadi A) 2, 4, 5 B) 2, 3 C) 2, 3, 5 D) 2, 3, 6 20. Quyidagi yadro reaksiyalarining qaysilarida izobarlar hosil bo„ladi? 1)
30 P → x +
+ β 2) 2 H + γ →
1 n + x
3) 239
Np → x + - β 4) 239
U → x + - β 5) 55 Co → - β + x 6) 40 K +
- β → hv + x A) 3,4,5,6 B) 1,3,4 C) 2,4,6 D) 1,3,4,5,6
21. Atom yadrosi ikkita pozitron yutib, ikkita elek-tron ajratsa, qanday o‟zgarish sodir bo„ladi? A) yadro zaryadi 4 birlikka ortadi B) yadro zaryadi 2 birlikka kamayadi C) yadro zaryadi o‟zgarmaydi D) yadro zaryadi 4 birlikka kamayadi
22. Qaysi zarrachalar ishtirokidagi yadro reaksiya-larida yadro zaryadi o‟zgaradi, lekin massa saqlanadi? A)
– β,
+ β B) α, n C) p, + β D) p, n E) n, – β 23. Qaysi zarrachalar ishtirokidagi yadro reaksiyalarida yadro zaryadi va massasi o‟zgaradi? A) p, α B) p, + β C) p, n D) n, α E) – β,
+ β
24. Ushbu yadroviy o‟zgarishlarda jami nechta va qanday zarrachalar ajraladi? 226
Ac → … → … → 220
Rn A) 2α va + β B) α; n; + β C) α va 2p D) α; 2n; + β
25. Ushbu o‟zgarishlar zanjirida qaysi mahsulotlar toriy izotoplari hisoblanadi? IV III II I Th
A) I, IV B) I, III C) I, II D) faqat III
26. Quyidagi sxema bo‟yicha atom bombasi portlaganda hosil bo‟lishi mumkin bo‟lgan izotoplarning birini aniqlang. 235
U + 1 n → 139 Ba + x + 3 1 n
A) 94 Br B) 94 Kr C) 94 Rb D) 93 Sr E) 93 Rb
1. (101-19). Tenglamasi 35 Cl + x
1 → x
2 +
1 H bo‟lgan reaksiyada qatnashadigan zarrachalar (x 1 va x 2 ) turini aniqlang. 1) proton 2) α-zarracha 3) neytron 4) elektron 5) oltingugurt 6) kislorod A) 3, 5 B) 2, 4
C) 1, 2 D) 2, 1 E) 1,
4 2. (102-19). Quyidagi yadro jarayonida hosil bo‟ladigan elementni toping. 24 Mg + -1 β → hv + E A) 25
B) 24 Na C) 24 Al D) 23 Na E) 27 Al
3. (103-19). Reaksiya tenglamasi 235
U + 2 1 H → x + 1 n + 3
+ β bo‟yicha hosil bo‟lgan yangi element izotopini toping. A)
239 Pa B) 232 Th C) 238 U D)
240 Pu E) 236 Pa
4. (104-19). Fransiy izotopining yemirilish reaksiyasi 223 Fr → X + 3 - β + 207 Pb bo‟yicha sodir bo‟ladi. Massasi 0,52 mg bo‟lgan izotop parchalanishi natijasida hosil bo‟ladigan gaz mahsulot hajmini (sm 3 ) aniqlang. A) 0,209 B) 0,22 C) 20,9 D) 0,269 E) 0,199
5. (105-19). Quyidagi reaksiyada 238 U → X + 3α + 2 - β hosil bo‟lgan yangi element izotopini aniqlang. A)
226 Ra B) 247 Md C)
247 Es D)
247 Cm E)
226 Ac
6. (106-19). Radiy yadrosining radiaktiv yemiri-lishi 226 Ra → X + 2α + 5n natijasida 0,224 sm 3 geliy hosil bo‟lgan. Reaksiyada necha mg radiy izotopi qatnashgan? Reaksiya natijasida qaysi element izotopi hosil bo‟lgan? 1) 2,57 2) 1,13 3) 0,56 4)
210 Pb 5) 211 Pb 6) 213 Po
A) 2, 6 B) 3, 5 C) 1, 4 D) 2, 4 E) 3, 6
7. (107-19). Reaksiya tenglamasi 254 Es + hv → X + 5α + 5β + 5n bo‟yicha hosil bo‟lgan yangi element izotopini toping. A)
247 Cm B) 234 Am C) 244 Pu D) 229 Pu
8. (108-19). Elementlarning radiaktiv yemirilish jarayonida ikkitadan α, β va γ-zarrachalar chiqqan-da, quyidagi sxemani yozish mumkin: shu jarayonda hosil bo‟ladigan element uchun A‟ va N‟ qiymatlarini toping. 2 2 2 ' ' E E A N A N
A) A‟ = A – 3; N‟ = N – 2 B) A‟ = A – 8; N‟ = N – 4 C) A‟ = A – 8; N‟ = N – 2
D) A‟ = A – 2; N‟ = N – 1 9. (109-19). Tenglamasi 208 Bi + α → 211 At + X bo‟lgan reaksiyadagi noma‟lum zarrachani aniqlang. A) α-zarracha B) elektron C) neytron D) pozitron
10. (110-19). Quyidagi 264 Ns → X + 3α + 2 - β reaksiyada hosil bo‟lgan yangi element izotopini aniqlang. A)
252 Md B) 255 Lr C) 253 Md D) 252 Es
11. (111-19). Yadro bomba portlash reaksiyasida qatnashgan boshlang‟ich element yadrosini toping. X →
210 Pb + 6α + 3 - β
A) 232
Th B)
235 U C) 238 U D) 234 Pa
12. (112-19). Izotop E ga γ-zarrachalar ta‟sirida 138 Xe,
95 Sr va 2 ta neytron hosil bo‟ldi. E izotopni aniqlang. A)
238 U B) 237 Np C) 207 Pb D) 235 U
13. (113-19). 209
Bi (α; 2n) X yadro reaksiyasida X-izotopni ko‟rsating. A)
210 Po B) 211 Po C) 209 Bi D) 211 At
14. (114-19). Quyidagi 211 At + 7 1 n + 1 H → X + 2α yadro reaksiyasi natijasida 0,79 mg astat yadrosi bombardimon qilinganda necha sm 3
1) 210
Bi 2) 1,68 3) 211
Pb 4)
210 Pb 5) 0,168 6) 1685 A) 6, 3 B) 3, 5 C) 2, 3 D) 5, 4 E) 5, 3
15. (116-19). Quyidagi yadro reaksiyasi natijasida 4,23 mg fransiy yadrosi yemirilganda, necha sm 3 geliy va qanday element izotopi hosil bo‟ladi? 223
Fr → X + 3α + 2β 1)
210 Pb
2) 0,127 3)
211 Bi
4) 211
Pb 5) 1,27 6) 1274 A) 2, 3
B) 6, 4 C) 6, 1 D) 4, 2 E) 5, 3
16. (117-19). Tenglamasi 259 No + γ → X + 3α + 4 - β + Q bo‟lgan reaksiyada hosil bo‟lgan X- izotopini aniqlang. A)
254 Es B) 247 Fm C) 255 Fm D) 247 Cm
17. (118-19). Quyidagi radiaktiv yemirilish natijasida hosil bo‟ladigan izotop yadrosi tarkibida nechta neytron bo‟ladi? 57 Mn → β - + E A) 31
B) 26 C) 24
D) 25 E) 28
18. (120-19). Quyidagi reaksiyada hosil bo‟lgan yangi element izotopini aniqlang. 227 Ra → X + 2α
A) 214
Bi B) 219
Po C) 212
At D) 223
Fr E) 218
Po 19. (122-19). Reaksiya tenglamasi 258 Md + 2α → X + β + + 4 1 n
bo‟yicha hosil bo‟lgan yangi element izotopini va uning tashqi valent pog‟onasi uchun elektron konfiguratsiyani tanlang. 1) 260
Ns 2) 262
Ku 3)
256 Lr
4) 7s 2 4f 14 6d 2 5) 7s 1 4f 14 6d 2 6) 7s 2 4f 14 6d 3 A) 2, 4 B) 2, 6 C) 1, 4 D) 3, 5 E) 2, 5
20. (123-19). Uranning 238 U izotopi uchta α-zarracha tarqatsa, uning yadro zaryadi va massasi qanday o‟zgaradi? 1) zaryadi 8 ta kamayadi, massasi 16 ta kamayadi 2) zaryadi 4 ta ortadi, massasi esa 4 taga kamayadi 3) zaryadi 4 ta ortadi, massasi esa 8 taga kamayadi 4) zaryadi 6 ta kamayadi, massasi 12 ta kamayadi 5) zaryadi ham, massasi ham 6 taga kamayadi A) 3 B) 2
C) 1 D) 4
E) 5
21. (121-19). 242 Pu atomi yadrosi 263 Ku yadrosiga aylandi. Dastlabki yadro o‟ziga qancha α- va n-zarracha biriktirib olgan? A) 5α; n B) α; 4n C) 2α; 3n D) 3α va 2n
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