1. linguistic typology

LECTURE – 12.HISTORICAL EVOLUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF FORMS OF ADDRESS TO MEN IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
PLAN
1. FORM OF ADDRESS TO MEN IN ENGLISH.
2. HISTORICAL EVOLUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF FORMS OF ADDRESS TO MEN IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES.

1. FORM OF ADDRESS TO MEN IN ENGLISH
Address phenomenon is important as well as frequent in social interactions. Appropriate address behavior is crucial for effective communication and successful maintenance of interpersonal relationships. Normally, address behavior is governed by politeness phenomenon which is culturally bound. Misunderstanding and misinterpretation can lead to feelings of offence, insult, and suspicion on the individuals involved, which will result in break-down in cross-cultural communication. For instance, nonnative speakers of English often express their surprise at the wide use or distribution of reciprocal first naming among people in UK and USA. This change from an address form employed to define intimate relationships within a family or among close friends or business associates to the one used to define general relationships between strangers, between people of asymmetrical age and occupational status, between students and professors, and between young people and their seniors, has been quite a recent development which has naturally stimulated cross-cultural studies of address behavior in different countries.
Master is an English honorific for boys and young men. As for the term Sir is used in England for men of some rank, especially "free masters" of a trade guild and by any manual worker or servant employee addressing his employer (his master), but also generally by those lower in status to gentlemen, priests, or scholars. In the Elizabethan period, it was used between equals, especially to a group ("My masters"), mainly by urban artisans and trades people. It was later extended to all respectable men and was the forerunner of Mister. After its replacement in common speech by Mister, Master was retained as a form of address only for boys who have not yet entered society. By the late 19th century, etiquette dictated that men be addressed as Mister, and boys as Master.
The style "Mr." or no style at all is usually used when addressing boys today. The use of Master as a prefixed title, was according to N.Chomskiy "until recently ... a way of addressing politely a boy who was too young to be called "Mister"," Robert Hickey, deputy director of the Protocol School of Washington, states that "use of Master as an honorific when addressing boys is considered old fashioned outside of conservative circles." Nancy Tuckerman of the Amy Vanderbilt Complete Book of Etiquette writes that a boy can be addressed as master until age eight, then is addressed only by his name with no title until he turns 18, when he takes the title of Mr., although it is not improper to use Mr. if he is slightly younger."Mstr." is used as a prefix for boys on the UK Passport Service online application form.
Master is used sometimes in the UK to describe the male head of a large estate or household who employs many domestic workers.
The heir to a Scottish lordship, barony or viscountcy is given the style or dignity. Master of followed by his father's title. For instance, the heir of Lord Elphinstone is known as the Master of Elphinstone.