10-mavzu. IshLab chiqarish nazariyasi 4-soat Ishlab chiqarish omillari

Ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi. Sarflanadigan ishlab chiqarish omillari miqdori bilan, ushbu omillardan foydalangan holda maksimal ishlab chiqariladigan mahsulot miqdori o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi orqali ifodalash mumkin.
“A production function indicates the maximum output Q that a firm can produce for every specified combination of inputs. For simplicity, we assume that there are two inputs, labor L and capital K”¹.
Ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi foydalaniladigan har bir ishlab chiqarish omillari sarfi majmuasidan maksimal miqdorda mahsulot ishlab chiqarishni ko‘rsatadi. Agar omillar majmuasi sarfi kapital, mehnat va materiallardan iborat bo‘lsa, ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi quyidagi ko‘rinishda bo‘lishi mumkin:
(1)
bu yerda - berilgan texnologiyada maksimal ishlab chiqariladigan mahsulot miqdori; K - kapital; L - mehnat; M - materiallar.
Agar ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi ikkita, K (kapital) va L (mehnat) omillariga bog‘liq bo‘lsa, ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi quyidagicha yoziladi:
(2)
Ushbu funksiyada mahsulot ishlab chiqarish hajmi ikkita ishlab chiqarish omiliga bog‘liq - kapital va mehnatga. Masalan, ishlab chiqarish funksiyasi yordamida non ishlab chiqarish kombinatida mehnat resurslaridan va kapitaldan foydalangan holda qancha non mahsulotini ishlab chiqarish mumkinligini ifodalash mumkin, yoki qishloq xo‘jalik korxonasining berilgan mehnat resurslaridan va texnikadan (ishchilarning fond bilan qurollanganlik darajasida) foydalangan holda ma’lum vaqt oralig‘ida qancha mahsulot ishlab chiqarishini ifodalash mumkin.
Mahsulot ishlab chiqarish ko‘proq qo‘l mehnatiga asoslangan bo‘lsa (masalan, nonni qo‘l mehnati asosida ishlab chiqarilsa), u holda ishlab chiqarish funksiyasini faqat sarflangan mehnatga bog‘liq ravishda yozish mumkin:
.
Agar mahsulot ishlab chiqarishda ko‘proq kapital ishtirok etsa, ya’ni mahsulot ishlab chiqarish yuqori kapital sig‘imiga ega bo‘lsa, ishlab chiqarish funksiyasini ko‘rinishida yozish mumkin.
“The relationship behveen the inputs to the production process and the resulting
output is described by a production function. A production function indicates
the highest output Q that a firm can produce for every specified combination of
inputs. For simplicity, vve will assume that there are two inputs, labor L and capital K. We can then write the production function as
Q = F(K,L)
This equation relates the quantity of output to the quantities of the two
inputs, capital and labor. For example, the production function might describe
the number of personal computers that can be produced each year with a 10,000-square-foot plant and a specific amount of assembly-line laboL Or it might
describe the crop that a farmer can obtain using a specific amount of machinery
and workers.”².
Ta’kidlash joizki, (1) va (2) tenglamalar ishlab chiqarishning ma’lum texnologiyasida qo‘llanilishi mumkin. Agar texnologiya o‘zgarsa, ya’ni yangi texnologiya qo‘llansa, mahsulot ishlab chiqarish hajmi resurslar hajmi o‘zgarmaganda ham o‘sishi mumkin.