2-mavzu. Iqtisodiy yondashuv: mulk huquqi, tashqi aloqalar va ekologik muammolar

5. Hukumatning samarali roli



While the economic approach suggests that government action could well be used to restore efficiency, it also suggests that inefficiency is not a sufficient condition to justify government intervention. Any corrective mechanism involves transaction costs. If these transaction costs are high enough, and the surplus to be derived from correcting the inefficiency small enough, then it is best simply to live with the inefficiency.




Iqtisodiy yondashuv hukumat harakatidan samaradorlikni qayta tiklashda yaxshi foydalanish mumkinligini taklif qilganda, u shuningdek samarasizlik hukumat aralashuvini oqlash uchun yetarli holat emasligini taklif qiladi. Har qanday tuzatish mexanizmi xizmat xarajatlarini orib chiqaylik. AQSH da 1800 yillar oxirigacha ovqat pishirish va isitishda keng foydalanilgan yoglgan, lekin havoning juda katta sigsha tarqalgan issiqlikni sooch-yoqish pechkalari emissiyasida jiddiy tartibga solishlarda natijalar bolami va natijada issiqlik chiqarish oshdi. Shaharlar faoliyatlarining klasterlanishi sababli havo va suv chiqindilaridan keskin muammolarni tajribadan bilayaptilar. Kengaytirish va klasterlanish har ikkala havo yoki suvning bir birlik hajmidagi chiqindilar miqdorini kosimliklar olgan.

Historically, as incomes have risen, the demand for leisure activities has also risen. Many of these leisure activities, such as canoeing and backpacking, take place in unique, pristine environmental areas. With the number of these areas declining as a result of conversion to other uses, the value of remaining areas has increased. Thus, the value derived from protecting some areas have risen over time until they have exceeded the transaction costs of protecting them from pollution and/or development.

Tarixan, daromadlar oshganligi bilan, dam olish faoliyatlari uchun talab ham ortib kelgan. Bu hordiq faoliyatlarining kolish qadimiy atrof muhit hududlari kabilardir. Bu hududlar soni boshqa maqsadlarda foydalanish natijasida kmaydi, qolgan hududlar qiymati oshdi. Shunday qilib, bazi hududlarni himoyalash vaqt davomida ortganida ularga ifloslanish va yoki rivojlanishdan himoyalash xizmati xarajatlari oshib ketgunga qadar qiymat hosil qilingan.

The level and concentration of economic activity, having increased pollution problems and driven up the demand for clean air and pristine areas, have created the preconditions for government action. Can government respond or will rent seeking prevent efficient political solutions?



Iqtisodiy faoliyat darajasi va konsentratsiyasi, ifloslanish muammolarini va toza havo, toza hududlarga bopaytirishi
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