3. Main Parameters Modifying Subject matter and Branches of the Linguistic Typology Plan

System closeness means the identity or non-identity of structural types of compared languages. There are two terms in linguistics: type of language, type in language. Type of language is used much broader in linguistics than type in language. Every language has its own systemic structural organization. The system of the language consists of elements. According to the relations of their elements languages are classified into 5 types:

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  Agglutinated
  

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  Inflected
  

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  Isolated
  

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  Polysynthetic
  

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  Agglutinated-inflected
  

The term "type in language" is used mostly within one language.
Genetic closeness means material identity of the group of compared languages. For genetic closeness structural and etic-emic identity is characteristic.
There distinguished a) genetically closely related languages such as Uzbek and Kyrgyz and b) genetically differently related languages such as Uzbek and Russian.
Areal limitation of the group of compared languages presupposes that comparison is limited by the group of languages belonging to certain geographic area.
Quantitative limitation of compared languages may be of the following types: a) minimal limitation. It means that the limit of compared languages is open. This type is used in investigating language universals; b) maximal limitation. It means that only two languages may be compared. This type is used in comparative typology; c) genetic limitation is used in genetic typology and it means that only neighbour languages may be compared; d) limitation of certain universals.
Deep and surface identity. Under deep and surface identity we understand some generalized meaning, which is peculiar to the group of compared languages and has different representation on surface. For example, the meaning of gender or biological sex characterizes all languages of the world. That's why it is the deep structure for comparison. Its surface structure is different. In Russian there exists a special grammatical category of gender (ex: stol - m, parta - f, okno - n). In English and Uzbek there is no grammatical category of gender, but its meaning can be expressed by the other means, as lexical and lexico-syntatical.