3. Main Parameters Modifying Subject matter and Branches of the Linguistic Typology Plan

Etic-emic identity is the coincidence of more concrete units of compared languages on etic-emic sublevels. On etic level we observe different variants of suffixes of plurality in Turkic languages.
Limitation of Etalon language. Etalon language is an instrument with the help of which we compare different languages. The are two types of etalon languages.
1. It may be maximal, when the whole language serves as etalon for comparison. For example, in the XVII-XVIII centuries Latin was used as etalon language while writing grammar books of different European languages.
2. Minimal etalon language is limited by some genetic or areal group of languages or even some grammatical or semantic categories can be used as etalon for comparison.
Formal approach to comparison. Any typological analyses can be produced either in the way of description or by separate system of symbols. It is a formalized approach towards typological description. Such approach is mainly used in structural typology and mathematical linguistics.
Content approach to comparison. In linguistics two ways of approach towards the study of language phenomena are possible:
1. From form to meaning. It is a traditional way used in linguistics. For example: work-working.
2. From meaning to form. This way is quite new in linguistics. For example, we choose the meaning of age and then begin to study how it can be expressed in compared languages: opa-singil, aka-uka, yosh-kari. Both of these phenomena are used in typology. Content approach means to compare languages on the basis of some preliminary chosen categorical meaning.
One-level approach to comparison. The term "level isolation" was introduced to linguistics in the 19^th century. All language phenomena were studied on one level of linguistic hierarchy, mainly on phonetic and morphological levels. This approach is still used in the process of typological correspondence.
Cross level approach to comparison is opposed to level isolation and was introduced as a method of linguistic comparison. It presupposes investigation of all possible means of expression of a chosen categorical notion in the system of compared languages. For example, the category of plurality can be expressed in Modern English by:
1. Morphological means: boy-boys
2. Phonological means: foot-feet
2. Phono-morphological means: child-children, house-houses
3. Lexical means: die kill (intransitive transitive)
4. Lexico-syntactic means: a lot of students, much milk.