60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 10
53.10.1. Can one cut a square into three pairwise non-equal and pairwise similar rectangles? 53.10.2. Find all primes p, q, r that satisfy p q + q p = r. 53.10.3. Prove that for all values of parameters a, b, c there is a number x such that a cos x + b cos 3x + c cos 9x ≥ 12(|a| + |b| + |c|). 53.10.4. How should four points in a disc be arranged so as to have the greatest product of all pairwise distances between them? 134 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 53.10.5. Points A, B, C, D in space are positioned so that segment BD subtends angles ∠A and ∠C of measure α and AC subtends angles ∠B and ∠D of measure β. Find the ratio AC : BD if AB 6= CD. Grade 11 53.11.1. Find max x,y (x p 1 − y 2 + y √ 1 − x 2 ). 53.11.2. Prove that if a function f (x) is continuous on [0, 1] and satisfies the identity f (f (x)) = x 2 for all x, then x 2 < f (x) < x for any x ∈ (0, 1). Give an example of such a function. 53.11.3. In triangle ABC, consider median BD and bisector BE. Can it happen that BD is a bisector in 4ABE and BE a median in 4BCD? 53.11.4. Prove that there is a multiple of any odd n, whose decimal representation contains only odd digits. 53.11.5. Four points are projections of a point to four faces of a tetrahedron. How are the points arranged in space? Olympiad 54 (1991) Grade 8 54.8.1. Prove that if a > b > c, then a 2 (b − c) + b 2 (c − a) + c 2 (a − b) > 0. 54.8.2. Given points A and B on a plane, construct a point C on ray AB, such that AC = 2AB. Is it possible to do it using a compass with a fixed span r if a) AB < 2r, b) AB ≥ 2r? 54.8.3. To guard a military installation around the clock, a day shift and a night shift are required. A sentry guard may take either a day, or a night shift, or work around the clock. In these cases the guard is given a leave of absence of not less than 1, 1.5 or 2.5 full days, respectively. What is the least number of guards necessary to ensure the security of the installation? 54.8.4. Given 6 seemingly indistinguishable weights of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g, respectively, a drunken workman painted them at random “1 g”, . . . , “6 g”. How can you check whether the labels match the weights using only two weighings on a balance without any other weights except the given ones? 54.8.5. An air line was established between two countries so that any two cities, one from each country, are connected by precisely one flight which is a one-way flight and one can fly somewhere from each city. Prove that there are cities A, B, C, D, which can be visited by flying directly from A to B, from B to C, from C to D and from D to A. Grade 9 54.9.1. Solve the equation: (1 + x + x 2 )(1 + x + . . . + x 10 ) = (1 + x + . . . + x 6 ) 2 . 54.9.2. A conjurer divided a deck of a) 36, b) 54 cards into several piles and wrote a number equal to the number of cards in the pile on each card from every pile. Then he mixed the cards in a special way, divided them into piles once again and wrote another number equal to the number of cards in the new pile on each card to the right of the first number. Could the conjurer do this so that there are no equal pairs among the pairs of numbers on the cards and for every pair a, b there is a “symmetric” pair b, a? (A pair Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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