60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 8
56.8.1 (Ku). Denote by s(x) the sum of the digits of a positive integer x. Solve: a) x + s(x) + s(s(x)) = 1993 b) x + s(x) + s(s(x)) + s(s(s(x))) = 1993 56.8.2 (Bo). Knowing that n is the sum of squares of three positive integers, prove that n 2 is also the sum of squares of three positive integers. 56.8.3 (Sl). On a straight line stand two chips, a red to the left of a blue. The Rule allows the following two operations: (a) to insert two chips of one color in a row at any place on the line and (b) to delete any two neighboring chips of one color. Is it possible to leave after finitely many operations only two chips on the line: a red to the right of a blue? 56.8.4 (Be). At the court of Tsar Gorokh, the tsar’s astrologist declares a moment of time favorable if on a watch with a centrally placed second hand the minute hand occurs after the hour hand and before the second one (counting clockwise). Does the whole day (24 h) contain more favorable time than unfavorable? 56.8.5 (Sp). Is there a finite word composed of the letters of Russian alphabet (32 letters) that has no two identical neighboring subwords but such subwords appear if one ascribes any letter (of the same alphabet) in front or at the back of this word? 56.8.6 (Ak). A circle centered at D passes through points A, B, and the center O of the escribed circle of triangle 4ABC tangent to side BC and the extensions of sides AB and AC. Prove that points A, B, C, and D lie on one circle. Grade 9 56.9.1 (Sh). For distinct points A and B on a plane, find the locus of points C such that triangle 4ABC is acute and the value of its angle ∠A is intermediate among the triangle’s angles. 56.9.2 (Ko). Let x 1 = 4, x 2 = 6 and define x n for n ≥ 3 to be the least non-prime greater than 2x n−1 − x n−2 . Find x 1000 . 1 The authorship of all problems of this olympiad is indicated after the number of the problem by an abbreviation boldfaced: I. F. Akulich, A. Andzhans, A. Ya. Belov, A. I. Galochkin, G. Galperin, S. B. Gashkov, GZ-B: S. M. Gusein-Zade, A. Ya. Belov, G. Kondakov, S. V. Konyagin, B. N. Kukushkin, D. Botin, Slitinsky, A. W. Spivak, I. F. Sharygin, S. I. Tokarev, VI: A. Vladimirov, R. Ismailov, VT: M. Vyaly, D. Tereshin. 138 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 56.9.3 (Gal). A paper triangle with angles of 20 ◦ , 20 ◦ , 140 ◦ is cut along one of its bisectors into two triangles; one of these triangles is also cut along one of its bisectors, etc. Can we obtain a triangle similar to the initial one after several cuts? 56.9.4 (To). In Pete’s class there 28 students beside him. Each two of these 28 have distinct number of friends among the classmates. How many friends does Pete have in this class? 56.9.5 (GG). To every pair of numbers x, y the Rule assigns a number x ∗ y. Find 1993 ∗ 1935 if it is known that x ∗ x = 0, and x ∗ (y ∗ z) = (x ∗ y) + z for any x, y, z. 56.9.6 (Sh). Given a convex quadrilateral ABM C with AB = BC, ∠BAM = 30 ◦ , ∠ACM = 150 ◦ , prove that AM is the bisector of ∠BM C. Grade 10 56.10.1 (Ga). In the representation of numbers A and B as decimal fractions the lengths of their minimal periods are equal to 6 and 12, respectively. What might the length of the minimal period in the similar representation of A + B be? Find all answers. 56.10.2 (Ga). The grandfather of Baron K. F. I. von M¨ unchhausen constructed a castle with a square in the horizontal cross-section. He divided the castle into 9 equal square ball rooms and placed the arsenal in the middle one. Baron’s father divided each of the remaining 8 ball rooms into 9 equal square halls and organized winter gardens in all central halls. Baron himself divided each of the 64 empty halls into 9 equal square rooms and placed a swimming pool in each of the central rooms. Baron furnished the other rooms and made a door between every pair of neighboring furnished rooms. Baron shut all the other temporary doors. Baron boasts that he once managed to go over his furnished rooms visiting each just once and returning in the initial one. We know Baron as a gentleman with a name for honesty won by his truthful stories, but still wonder: is he telling the truth in this instance? 56.10.3 (Kon). A river connects two circular lakes of radius 10 km each; the banks of the river and the lakes are segments of either straight lines or circles. From any point on any of the river’s banks one can take a boat and reach the other bank by swimming not longer than 1 km. Assuming that the boat is a point is it possible for a pilot to lead the boat along the river in order to be at the distance of not more than (a) 700 m (b) 800 m away from each of the banks? 56.10.4 (VI). For every pair of real numbers a and b consider the sequence 1 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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