60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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4 + 2x 3 + x 2 − 11x + 11 = y 2 . 8.(8-10). On the numerical line, paint red all points that correspond to positive integers of the form 81x + 100y, where x and y are positive integers; paint the remaining integers blue. Find a point on the line such that any two points symmetrical with respect to it are painted different colors. 9.(9-10). Integers x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n ; y 1 , . . . , y m satisfy the inequalities 1 < x 1 < x 2 < . . . < x n < y 1 < . . . < y m and x 1 + . . . + x n > y 1 + . . . + y m . Prove that x 1 x 2 . . . x n > y 1 y 2 . . . y m . 10.(10). Prove that it is possible to cut any two polyhedrons of equal volume into several tetrahedrons of pair-wise equal volumes. 11.(8-9). Consider a square ABCD and point O inside it. Prove that 135 ◦ < ∠OAB + ∠OBC + ∠OCD + ∠ODA < 225 ◦ . 12.(10). A) Given a finite set of n points not in the same straight line. For any two pairs of given points belonging to two different lines the intersection point of these lines also belongs to the set of given points. Prove that all points of the set but one lie on the same line. B) Is it possible to draw n straight lines through point O in space so that for any two of these lines there is a third straight line from the same set, which is perpendicular to the two lines for (a) n = 99 or (b) n = 100? (c) Point out all n for which there exists an arrangement of n lines satisfying the condition from heading B) and describe all possible arrangements of these lines in space. 13.(7-10). A pie is of the form of a square lamina. Two perpendicular straight lines cut the pie into four parts. Three of these parts weigh 200 g each. What is the weight of the pie? 14. (10). There are n point-size searchlights that illuminate angles (the vertex and the legs included) α 1 , α 2 , . . . , α n on a plane. If these searchlights were placed at one point they would have illuminated the whole plane. Prove that for any n it is possible to permute the locations of searchlights (without rotating searchlights themselves) so that they would still illuminate the entire plane. 148 PROBLEMS 15.(8-9). Consider convex quadrilateral ABCD such that AC = BD, ∠B = 2∠C, ∠C + ∠D = 90 ◦ . Find angles ∠B and ∠D of the quadrilateral. 16.(9-10). A) There are 9 points on the surface of a cube with edge 1. Prove that two of these 9 points are not farther than √ 3 2 from each other. B) Can the surface of the cube with edge 1 have (a) 8 points and (b) 7 points so that the distance between any two of them is > 1? 17.(9-10). a) The projections of a solid to two planes in space are circles. Prove that these circles are equal. b) The projections of a convex n-gon to two non-parallel planes in space are regular n-gons. Prove that these projections are equal n-gons. 18.(8-9). The sum of the digits in the decimal expression of 5 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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