60-odd years of moscow mathematical
Download 1.08 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 8
37.2.8.1. See Problem 37.2.7.3. 37.2.8.2. On a straight line n points are fixed. Let us mark the midpoints of all segments with both endpoints among the fixed points. What is the minimal number of marked points? (Cf. Problem 37.2.7.2.) 37.2.8.3. Positive integers fill in a rectangular table of 8 rows and 5 columns. In one move we may double all numbers in one row or subtract 1 from every number in one column. Prove that it is possible to make all the numbers in the table equal to 0 in finitely many moves. 37.2.8.4. Prove that a convex pentagon with all angles obtuse has two diagonals such that discs con- structed on them as on diameters completely cover the pentagon. 37.2.8.5. The sum of 100 positive integers, each not greater than 100, is equal to 200. Prove that from these integers one can select several so that their sum is equal to 100. Grade 9 37.2.9.1. Is there a sequence of positive integers such that one can uniquely express any positive integer 1, 2, 3, . . . , as the difference of two numbers of the sequence? 37.2.9.2. Prove that in an arbitrary 2n-gon there exists a diagonal not parallel to any of its sides. 37.2.9.3*. There are several weights of (positive) integer masses. It is known that they can be divided into K groups of equal mass. Prove that in not less than K ways one can take away a weight so that it is impossible to divide the remaining weights into K groups of equal mass. 37.2.9.4. Given triangle ABC with AB > BC and its bisectors AK and CM , prove that AM > M K > KC. (See Solution to Problem 28.1.9.3.) 110 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 37.2.9.5. An a × b piece of paper is cut into rectangular strips, each one with a side of 1 cm. The cuts are parallel to the edges of the paper. Prove that at least one of the numbers a or b is an integer. Grade 10 37.2.10.1. See Problem 37.2.9.1. 37.2.10.2. Prove that the decimal expressions of the numbers 2 n + 1974 n and 1974 n have the same number of digits. 37.2.10.3. A spherical planet is surrounded by 37 point-size asteroids. An asteroid on the horizon is invisible. Prove that at any moment of time there is a point on the surface of the planet from which an astronomer cannot see more than 17 asteroids. 37.2.10.4. Scientists, some of whom are acquainted, come to a congress. It turns out that no two scientists with the same number of acquaintances have any acquaintances in common. Prove that there is a scientist who has exactly one acquaintance among the participants of the congress. 37.2.10.5. See Problem 37.2.9.5. Olympiad 38 (1975) Tour 38.1 Grade 10 38.1.10.1. Solve in real numbers x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + t 2 = x(y + z + t). 38.1.10.2. The distance between the center of a disc of radius 1 cm and a point A is 50 cm. We can symmetrically reflect point A through any straight line intersecting the disc; any point obtained may also be reflected symmetrically through any straight line intersecting the disc, and so on. Prove that a) it is possible to herd point A inside the disc in 25 reflections; b) it is impossible to do so in 24 reflections. 38.1.10.3. Positive integers a, b, c are such that the numbers p = b c + a, q = a b + c, and r = c a + b are primes. Prove that two of the numbers p, q, r are equal. 38.1.10.4. The centers of the squares of an 8 × 8 chessboard — 64 points — are marked. Is it possible to separate every marked point from the rest by drawing 13 straight lines that do not intersect these points? 38.1.10.5*. Is it possible to arrange 4 lead balls and a point source of light in space so that every ray of light from the source would end in at least one of the balls? Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling