60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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b , where both a and b are positive integers such that a ≤ x and b ≤ x. For example, I ³ 5 2 ´ = 3 and the corresponding fractions are 1 2 ; 1; 2. Find the sum: I(100) + I ³ 100 2 ´ + I ³ 100 3 ´ + · · · + I ³ 100 99 ´ + I ³ 100 100 ´ . 35.2.8.5. See Problem 35.2.9.5 for 300 straight lines and 100 triangles. Grade 9 35.2.9.1. All sides of a pentagon are of the same length and each of its angles is less than 120 ◦ . Prove that all its angles are obtuse. 35.2.9.2. See problem 35.2.8.2. 35.2.9.3*. The streets of town M form a regular square net of 20×20 blocks. There are subway stations at some corners. It is known that one can get to a subway station from any point in the town passing not more than two blocks along the streets. What is the least number of subway stations in the town? 35.2.9.4*. Are there any rational numbers a, b, c, d satisfying for a positive integer n the equation (a + b √ 2) 2n + (c + d √ 2) 2n = 5 + 4 √ 2 ? 35.2.9.5*. 3000 straight lines are drawn on a plane, no two of them are parallel, and no three of them meet at the same point. These lines divide the plane into several parts. Prove that among these parts there are at least a) 1000 triangles; b*) 2000 triangles. Grade 10 35.2.10.1*. Consider plane P and triangle ABC, not on this plane, see Fig. 80. Triangle A 1 B 1 C 1 is a perpendicular projection of triangle ABC to P . Prove that triangle A 1 B 1 C 1 can be completely covered by a triangle equal to triangle ABC. Figure 80. (Probl. 35.2.10.1) 35.2.10.2. Given two sets of numbers x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n and y 1 , y 2 , . . . , y n such that x 1 > x 2 > . . . > x n > 0, y 1 > y 2 > . . . > y n > 0; and x 1 > y 1 , x 1 + x 2 > y 1 + y 2 , . . . , x 1 + x 2 + . . . x n > y 1 + y 2 + . . . + y n , prove that for any positive integer k we have x k 1 + x k 2 + · · · + x k n > y k 1 + y k 2 + · · · + y k n . 106 MOSCOW MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIADS 1 – 59 35.2.10.3. Numbers 1, 2, 3, . . . , 400 are written on 400 cards, one on each card. Players A and B play the following game. Player A selects any 200 cards (the first set) and gives the rest (the second set) to B. Then B takes 100 cards from each set and gives the rest to A. Thus, both players once again have 200 cards. The end of the first move. Then A again takes 100 cards from each set and gives the rest to B, and so on. After B has moved for the 200-th time, both players count the sum of the numbers on their cards, S(A) and S(B); and A pays B the difference S(B) − S(A). What greatest amount of money can B get if both play optimally? 35.2.10.4. Arrange all rational numbers between zero and one whose denominators do not exceed n in increasing order. Let irreducible fractions Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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