60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
Grade 8
34.2.8.1. Consider a 29-digit number X = a 1 a 2 ...a 28 a 29 such that for every k the digit a k occurs a 30−k times in the expression of X. (For example, if a 10 = 7, then the digit a 20 occurs 7 times.) Find the sum of the digits of X. 34.2.8.2. We cut a cardboard (perhaps, non-convex) 1000-gon along a straight line. This cut brakes it into several new polygons. What is the greatest possible number of triangles among the new polygons? 34.2.8.3. Prove that the sum of the digits of a positive integer K is not more than 8 times the sum of the digits of the number 8K. 34.2.8.4. Take any number consisting of zeros and fours in its decimal expression. Now, we can either divide it by 2, 3 or 5 if this division is possible without a remainder, or insert 0’s or 4’s between the digits of this number, or write a 4 at the beginning or at the end, or write a 0 at the end. With the number obtained we can repeat the same operations, and so on. Is it possible to obtain in this way any positive integer? 34.2.8.5. See Problem 34.2.7.2. Grade 9 34.2.9.1. A convex 1971-gon is such that for every vertex A, every side that does not pass through A subtends equal angles with the angle’s vertex in A. Prove that the polygon is a regular one. 34.2.9.2. See Problem 34.2.8.1. 34.2.9.3. Is it possible to divide every side of a square into 100 parts so that it would be impossible to contour with these 400 segments any rectangle other then the initial square? 34.2.9.4. A circle is divided into n equal parts, and the numbers x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n equal to either 1 or −1 are written at the division points so that if one turns the circle through an angle of k · 360 ◦ n and multiplies the numbers at points coinciding before and after the rotation, the sum of n products thus obtained is equal to 0 for any k = 1, . . . , n − 1. Prove that n is a perfect square. (Cf. Problem 34.2.10.1.) 34.2.9.5. Prove that it is possible to write non-zero real numbers x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n at the vertices of a regular n-gon so that for any regular k-gon all of whose vertices are the vertices of the original n-gon, the sum of the numbers at its vertices is equal to 0. Grade 10 34.2.10.1. See Problem 34.2.9.4 with additional question: what might number n be? 34.2.10.2. Given numbers a 1 , . . . , a n and b 1 , . . . , b n , arrange the numbers a k in the increasing order and numbers b k in the decreasing order. We get sets a ∗ 1 ≤ · · · ≤ a ∗ n and b ∗ 1 ≥ · · · ≥ b ∗ n . Prove that max(a 1 + b 1 , a 2 + b 2 , . . . , a n + b n ) ≥ max(a ∗ 1 + b ∗ 1 , a ∗ 2 + b ∗ 2 , . . . , a ∗ n + b ∗ n ). OLYMPIAD 35 (1972) 103 34.2.10.3. Banker and Gambler play the following hazardous game. Banker names a 1000-digit number, Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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