60-odd years of moscow mathematical
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Moscow olympiad problems
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◦ . There are 1000 such cameras on a plane. All cameras simultaneously take a picture each. Prove that among these pictures there is one photo that shows ≤ 998 cameras. Olympiad 34 (1971) Tour 34.1 Grade 8 34.1.8.1. A town is walled in a 1000-gon (not necessarily convex but with nonintersecting sides). A guard stands at every vertex outside the wall. Prove that there is a guard who can see < 500 other guards. (The guards standing at the endpoints of one side of the 1000-gon can see each other.) 34.1.8.2. A circle intersects convex pentagon ABCDE at points A 1 , A 2 , B 1 , B 2 , . . . , E 1 , E 2 ; see Fig. 76. Knowing that AA 1 = AA 2 , BB 1 = BB 2 , CC 1 = CC 2 , DD 1 = DD 2 , prove that EE 1 = EE 2 . Figure 76. (Probl. 34.1.8.2) Figure 77. (Probl. 34.1.9.2) 34.1.8.3. 25 teams took part in a national soccer tournament. In the end it turned out that no team scored more than four goals in any game. What lowest place could the team from Tbilisi have gotten, if overall it scored more goals, and was scored less goals against, than any other team? 34.1.8.4. A 100 × 100 square is drawn on a graph paper. There is a red or blue point in every square (of the grid) so that in every column and in every row there are 50 blue and 50 red points. Let us connect every pair of red points in adjacent squares (squares with a common side) with a red segment, and every pair of blue points in adjacent squares with a blue segment. Prove that the number of red segments equals the number of blue segments. 34.1.8.5. Prove that k(5 1 090 701 ) − k(2 1 090 701 ) .. . 2, where k(A) is the number of digits in the decimal expression of A. Grade 9 34.1.9.1. Numbers a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , . . . , a 25 , where a 1 = a 2 = · · · = a 13 = 1, and a 14 = a 15 = · · · = a 25 = −1 are written at the vertices of a regular 25-gon. Set b 1 = a 1 + a 2 , b 2 = a 2 + a 3 , etc., b 24 = a 24 + a 25 , b 25 = a 25 + a 1 , and replace a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a 25 , with b 1 , b 2 , . . . , b 25 , respectively. This operation is then repeated 100 times. Prove that one of the numbers obtained in the operation is greater than 10 20 . 34.1.9.2. The perimeter of a convex k-gon P (k > 6) is equal to 2. Construct a new convex k-gon M with vertices at the midpoints of the sides of the k-gon P and prove that the perimeter of M is greater than 1; see Fig. 77. OLYMPIAD 34 (1971) 101 34.1.9.3. Consider n straight lines (n > 2) on a plane. No two lines are parallel and no three of them meet. It is possible to rotate the plane about some point O through an angle of α < 180 Download 1.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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