B) explain what was included in the Declaration
C) describe the skills of
the Declaration writers
D) give reasons for the problems between the Americans and the British
3. The word rights in the passage is closest in meaning to … .
A) anger B) laws C) arguments D) powers
4. Which is NOT mentioned in the Declaration of Independence?
A) All people deserve certain freedoms.
B) The King of England denied colonists their rights.
C) The government of England had to be removed.
D) Americans and British people needed to work together.
5. Which is true about the first Independence Day?
A) It was celebrated on July 4, 1783.
B) It occurred when Americans won their independence.
C) America was still at war with Britain.
D) Benjamin Franklin was not alive to see it.
6. What can be inferred about the Declaration of Independence?
A) The King of England never read it.
B) The first draft was written in 1775.
C) Its signing was not completed until 1783.
D) The final version was finished by one person.
98. THE LIGHTNING ROD
You’re outside in the middle of a storm. The wind is howling.
Suddenly, white fire shoots down from the sky.
A roar shakes the ground. Just like us, people in the 18th century were frightened of lightning. They knew it
caused fires that damaged buildings.
Unlike us, they believed lightning was a sign of evil. However, that
changed when Benjamin Franklin figured out what lightning really was. Franklin noticed that lightning acted
like electricity and wanted to test the idea, so he designed an experiment. It was actually quite dangerous. He
tied a metal key to the string of a kite. The key would show the presence of electricity by making sparks.
Next, Franklin went outside as a storm approached to fly his kite. Lightning hit the kite, traveled down the
string to the key, and made sparks. Knowing that lightning was a form of
electricity, Franklin thought of a
way to protect people’s houses from lightning. His invention became known as the lightning rod. Franklin
placed a metal rod on the roof of a building. One end pointed toward the sky and the other was connected to a
wire. The wire ran down the building to a piece of metal buried
underground, away from the house. Lightning
always looks for the fastest way to get to the ground. The purpose of the metal rod and the wire was to give
lightning a fast but safe path to the ground. If lightning struck near the house, it would
travel through the rod
and wire instead of hitting the building directly and setting it on fire. Franklin wanted his inventions to be
useful to others. So he would be happy to know that lightning rods still protect people and buildings today. In
Franklin’s case, lightning sparked a truly brilliant invention.
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