A. N. Elmurodov Respublika ta’lim markazi uslubchisi
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1 = 3; (2,5) 1 = 2,5; 2 017 1 = 2 017. ] ? 167 906. a = −10, b = 7, c = −15 ekani malum. Kopaytmani toping: 1) a ⋅ b ⋅ c; 2) −a ⋅ (−b) ⋅ c; 3) −(a ⋅ b ⋅ c); 4) a ⋅ b ⋅ (−c). 907. Kopaytmaning qaysi biri: a) musbat; b) manfiy; d) nol ekanini aniqlang: 1) −1 ⋅ (−2) ⋅ ... ⋅ (−99) ⋅ (−100); 3) (−20) ⋅ (−1) ⋅ 0 ⋅ 20 ⋅ 100; 2) −2 ⋅ (−4) ⋅ (−6) ⋅ ... ⋅ (−100); 4) −1 ⋅ (−3) ⋅ ... ⋅ (−99). 908. Tengsizlikni qanoatlantiruvchi butun sonlar kopaytmasini toping: 1) −5 ≤ n ≤ 0; 2) −100 ≤ n ≤ 100; 3) −5 ≤ n ≤ −1. 909. 1) Katakchalarga −1, 2, −3, 4, −5, 6, −7, 8, −9 sonlarini shunday joylashtiringki, ularning satrlar, ustunlar va diago- nallar boyicha kopaytmasi manfiy son bolsin (102- a rasm). 2) −1, −2, −3, −4, −5, −6, −7, −8, −9 sonlari berilgan. Ulardan bir nechtasi katakchalarga joylashtirilgan (102- b rasm). Qolganlarini bosh katakchalarga shunday joylashtiringki, ularning istalgan satrlar, ustunlar va diagonallar boyicha yigindisi −15 bolsin. 3) −2, −2, −2, −3, −3, −3 sonlarini bosh katakchalarga shun- day joylashtiringki, ularning barcha satrlar va ustunlar bo- yicha yigindisi −6 bolsin (102- d rasm). a)b) d) −−−−−4 −−−−−5 −−−−−1 −−−−−1 −−−−−1 −−−−−1 910. Ushbu 25, −39, −52 va 9 sonlarini kamayib borish tartibida joylashtiring: A) −52, −39, 9, 25; D) 25, 9, −39, −52; B) −39, −52, 9, 25; E) 25, 9, −52, −39. 911. Kopaytmani toping: 1) (−8) ⋅ (−5); 3) 7 ⋅ (−28); 2) (−11) ⋅ (−12); 4) 10 ⋅ (−81). Hisoblang (912913): 912. 1) 4 ⋅ 7 ⋅ (−2); 3) (−7) ⋅ (−10) ⋅ (−5); 5) (−8) ⋅ 11 ⋅ (−25); 2) −1 ⋅ (−2) ⋅ 8; 4) (−3) ⋅ (−1) ⋅ (−4); 6) (−48) ⋅ 11 ⋅ 4. 102 168 913. 1) (−28) ⋅ (−5) − 7 ⋅ 8; 3) −15 ⋅ (−22) − (−3) ⋅ (−24); 2) (−29) ⋅ 3 − (−10) ⋅ 12; 4) −31 ⋅ (−11) − (−14) ⋅ (−12). 914. Kopaytirishni bajarmasdan, kopaytmalardan qaysi biri: a) musbat; b) manfiy; d) nol ekanini aniqlang: 1) 15 ⋅ 14 ⋅ ... ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 ⋅ (−1) ⋅ (−2) ⋅ ... ⋅ (−14) ⋅ (−15); 2) −25 ⋅ (−24) ⋅ ... ⋅ (−2) ⋅ (−1) ⋅ 0 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ ... ⋅ 24 ⋅ 25; 3) −2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ (−4) ⋅ 5 ⋅ (−6) ⋅ 7 ⋅ (−8) ⋅ 9 ⋅ (−10) ⋅ 11 ⋅ (−12). 915. Jadvalni toldiring: k 28 −31 −40 14 −45 −52 −35 48 −75 −2 −6 n −5 4 9 −10 −8 −5 −8 −11 4 2 −6 k · n −140 −124 916. Tortta sonning kopaytmasi: a) musbat son; b) manfiy son bolsa, kopaytuvchilarning ishorasi haqida nima deyish mumkin? Misollar keltiring. 1. Bir xil ishorali sonlarni bolish. Bolishda berilgan ko- paytma va kopaytuvchilardan biri boyicha ikkinchi kopay- tuvchi topiladi. a ni b ga bolish bu shunday x ni topish demakki, unda bx = a boladi. Masalan, 28 : 4 = 7, chunki 7 ⋅ 4 = 28; −28 : (−4) = 7, chunki 7 ⋅ (−4) = −28; −28 : 4 = −7, chunki −7 ⋅ 4 = −28; 28 : (−4) = −7, chunki −7 ⋅ (−4) = 28. Yuqoridagi mulohazalardan bolishning ushbu qoidalari kelib chiqadi. Bolishdagi ishoralar qoidasi Bolinuvchi Boluvchi Bolinma + + + + + + 7 3 6 : ( −−−−− 2 3 ) ===== 7 3 6 2 3 6 9 3 2 4 6 4 6 0 3 2 Sonlarni bolish 107109 169 1- q o i d a . Bir xil ishorali sonlarni bolish uchun ularning modullari bolinadi va bolinma oldiga « + » (plus) ishorasi qoyiladi. Masalan, 2,99 : 1,3 = 2,3; ( 8) : ( 4) 8 : 4 8 : 4 2. − − = − − = = 2. Har xil ishorali butun sonlarni bolish. 2- q o i d a . Har xil ishorali sonlarni bolish uchun ularning modullari bolinadi va bolinma oldiga « » (minus) ishorasi qoyiladi. Masalan, 1,92 : ( 1,2) 1,92 : 1,2 1,92 : 1,2 1,6. − = − − = − = − Umuman, quyidagi tasdiqlar orinli: 1. Nolni noldan farqli ixtiyoriy n songa bolish natijasi 0 ga tengdir: 0 : n = = = = = 0. Masalan, 0 : (−8) = 0; 0 : 7 = 0. Nolga bolish mumkin emas! Masalan, (−6) : 0 va 3 : 0 kabi yozuvlar manoga ega emas! 2. Boluvchi (1) ga teng bolsa, u holda bolinma bolinuv- chining qarama-qarshisiga teng boladi: n : (−1) = −n. 917. 1) a) Bir xil ishorali; b) har xil ishorali sonlarni bolish qoidasini bilasizmi? Misollarda tushuntiring. 2) 0 ni noldan farqli ixtiyoriy songa bolish mumkinmi? 3) Ixtiyoriy sonni nolga bolish mumkinmi? 918. Bolishni bajaring. Natijaning togriligini bolish va kopaytirish bilan tekshiring: 1) 84 : (−4); 2) −75 : 3; 3) −48 : (−6); 4) −36 : (−4). 919. Hisoblang: 1) (15 − 48) : 11; 3) 72 : (−22 − 14); 5) −75 : (17 − 42); 2) −75 : (17 − 42); 4) 0 : (−25 + 19); 6) −99 : (−28 + 61). 920. Nomalum son x ni toping: 1) 25x = −100; 3) −x : 3 = −5; 5) 5x + 70 = −40 : 8; 2) −2x = −14; 4) 3x = −51; 6) −0,6x = −1,2. ? n : 0 0 : 0 170 921. Hisoblang: 1) (−8 + 10 − 7) : (−5); 3) (−90 − 40 − 20) : 15; 2) (−37 + 15 − 24) : 2 ; 4) (−96 − 48 − 72) : 12 . 922. Ifodaning son qiymatini toping: 1) (−48) ⋅ (−9) : (−8) ⋅ (−3); 3) (−49) ⋅ 8 : (−7) ⋅ 4; 2) (−42) ⋅ (−14) : (−7) ⋅ 4; 4) (−125) ⋅ 15 : (−25) ⋅ (−3). 923. Jadvalni toldiring: k −1 1 −1 15 2 0 −28 −32 −45 −7218 −24 n 1 −1 −1 −3 −4 −7 8 −15 4 −2 6 k+ n 0 k − n −2 k ⋅ n −1 k : n −1 924. 864 : 48 = 18 ekanidan foydalanib, quyidagi ifodaning son qiymatini toping: 1) −864 : 18; 2) −48 ⋅ 18; 3) 864 : (−48); 4) 864 : (−18). 925. Quyidagi sonlarni ikkita butun sonning bolinmasi (nisbati) korinishida tasvirlang: 1; 5; −10; −3; −7; −15; 18; 40; 0; −12; 5; −40. N a m u n a: 1) 16 16 2 2 8 ...; − − = = = 2) − − − − = = = = 18 18 12 3 3 2 6 ... . 926. Amallarni bajaring: 1) (−85) : (−17) + (−42) ⋅ (−3) − (−96) : 24; 2) (−70) : (−2) − (−84) : 4 + 63 : (−9). 927. Tengsizlikni qanoatlantiruvchi sonlarning eng kichigini eng kattasiga boling: 1) 2,5 0,5 x − ≤ ≤ − ; 2) − ≤ ≤ − 6 ,4 x ; 3) − ≤ ≤ − 2 1 9 9 4 2 x . 928. Tenglamani yeching: 1) (4 − x) : (−1) = (−11) : 11; 3) (2 − x) : (− 2,5) = (− 0,8) : 2; 2) − = − − 1 2 7 7 3 : ( ) 6 : ( 1); x 4) (4,8 + x) : (−1,2) = (−16) : 8. 929. Hisoblang: 1) ((1 − 3) + (5 − 7) + (9 − 11) + ... + (97 − 99)) : (− 5); 2) ((2 − 4) + (6 − 8) + (10 − 12) + ... + (98 − 100)) : (− 10). 171 930. Jadvalni toldiring: k 6 18 −12 −15 9 21 27 −45 48 −3 n −4 −16 −8 −2 0 14 36 30 22 −24 −2 k : (−3) + n : (−2) 0 2 931. Hisoblang: 1) (−9,8 + 5,6 − 8,4) : (−1,4); 2) (−3,6 + 2,7 − 7,2) ⋅ 1,8. 932. Yigindisi va kopaytmasi 20 ga teng bolgan 10 ta natural son toping. 933. Soroq belgisi orniga mos sonlarni qoying (103- rasm). 103 ? : (−2) + 10 ? (−5) ? ? −−−−−20 : (−8) 934. Bolishni bajaring: 1) −100 : 25; 2) −56 : (−8); 3) 99 : (−3); 4) −78 : (−6). 935. Hisoblang: 1) −54 : (−3) − 52; 2) (89 − 69) : 2 ; 3) −48 : (12 − 6). 936. 42 0 : 2 8 = 15 ekanidan foydalanib, quyidagilarni hisoblang: 1) −42 0 : (−15); 3) − 42 0 : (−28); 5) (−15) ⋅ (−28); 2) −420 : 15; 4) −42 0 : 2 8; 6) (−15) ⋅ 28. 937. Jadvalni toldiring: : −144 −720 −2160 −1080 648 7922 376 −1188 −3 48 −6 24 18 8 36 4 938. Tenglamani yeching: 1) 3 ⋅ (−x) + 51 = 6 − 12; 2) −3x − 21 = 81 − 84. 939. Hisoblang: 1) −2,7 : (−0,3) − 11; 3) 2 ,7 : (−3) + 1,1; 2) ( ) − − 3 3 11 11 5 7 : ( 2) ; 4) ( ) − + − 7 " 13 13 8 2 : ( 3) . 172 1. Ratsional sonlar haqida tushuncha. k n kasr korinishida yozilishi mumkin bolgan sonlar ratsional sonlar deyiladi, bunda k butun son, n natural son. Ixtiyoriy butun son k ratsionaldir, chunki k ni = 1 k k deb yozish mumkin. Masalan, 5 1 5 − − = ; = 10 1 10 ; = 0 1 0 . Musbat va manfiy oddiy kasrlar, aralash sonlar va onli kasrlar ham ratsional sonlardir. M i s o l . 1) − 2 % ; 2) 2 3 2 − ; 3) −0,3; 4) 1 7 3 ; 5) 2,743; 6) − 1 3 7 sonlar ratsional sonmi? 1) − − = 2 2 7 7 ; 3) 3 10 0,3 − − = ; 5) 7"3 27"3 1000 1000 2,7"3 2 = = ; 2) 2 8 3 3 2 − − = ; 4) = 1 22 7 7 3 ; 6) − − = − = 1 22 22 3 3 3 7 . Berilgan sonlarning har biri k n korinishida yozildi, bunda k butun son, n natural son. Demak, bu sonlarning hammasi ratsional sonlardir. k n ratsional son kasr son bolgani uchun u kasr sonlarning barcha xossalariga boysunadi. Ratsional sonlarning yigindisi, ayirmasi, kopaytmasi va bolinmasi (agar boluvchi noldan farqli bolsa) ham ratsional son boladi. M i s o l l a r . 1) − − + − + = + = = % ' " $ " $ & #" $ ' % ' % $! $! ; 2 2 1 9 19 18 19 1 1 11 22 22 22 22 − − − = = = − ; Ratsional sonlar haqida tushuncha. Ratsional sonlar ustida bajariladigan amallar xossalari 110112 173 3) ( ) ( ) 1 3 1 2 2 9 2 9 2 9 1 3 3 1 3 4 3 4 3 4 1 2 2 2 1 − ⋅ ⋅ − − ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ − = ⋅ = = = = ; 4) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1 1 1 1 25 25 25 25 25 12 2 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 25 1 4 : 2 : : 2. ⎛ ⎞ − = − = − = − ⋅ = − = − ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ 2. Ratsional sonlar ustida bajariladigan amallar xossalari. a, b va c ixtiyoriy ratsional sonlar bolsin. Quyidagi xossalar orinlidir: 1- x o s s a . Ratsional sonlarni qoshish orin almashtirish va guruhlash xossalariga ega, yani a + + + + + b = = = = = b + + + + + a; a + + + + + (b + + + + + c) = = = = = (a + + + + + b) + + + + + c. 2- x o s s a . Nolni qoshish sonni ozgartirmaydi: a + + + + + 0 = = = = = a. 3- x o s s a . Qarama-qarshi sonlar yigindisi nolga tengdir: a + + + + + (−−−−−a) = = = = = 0. 4- x o s s a . Ratsional sonlarni kopaytirish orin almashtirish va guruhlash xossalariga ega, yani a · b = = = = = b · a; a · (b · c) = = = = = (a · b) · c. 5- x o s s a . 1 ga kopaytirish ratsional sonni ozgartirmaydi: a · 1 = = = = = 1 · a ===== a. 6- x o s s a . Ratsional son bilan nolning kopaytmasi 0 ga tengdir: a · 0 = = = = = 0 · a ===== 0. 7- x o s s a . Ozaro teskari ratsional sonlar kopaytmasi 1 ga tengdir: ⋅ = 1 1 a a , bunda ≠ 0 a . 8- x o s s a . Ratsional sonlarni kopaytirish qoshishga nisba- tan taqsimot xossasiga ega, yani ixtiyoriy ratsional son a, b, c uchun (a +++++ b) · c = = = = = a · c +++++ b · c tenglik orinlidir. 9- x o s s a . Kopaytma kopaytuvchilardan hech bolmaganda biri nolga teng bolsagina nolga tengdir: agar a · b = 0 bolsa, u holda a = 0 yoki b = 0 (ham a = 0, ham b = 0 bolishi mumkin). 174 940. 1) Qanday sonlar ratsional sonlar deyiladi? 2) Ratsional sonlarning yigindisi, ayirmasi, kopaytmasi va bolinmasi qanday son boladi? Misollar keltiring. 3) Ratsional sonlarni qoshish, kopaytirish xossalarini ayting va misollarda tushuntiring. 4) Ikkita ratsional sonning kopaytmasi qachon nolga teng boladi? 5) Kopaytirishning qoshishga nisbatan taqsimot xossasini yozing. 941. Sonlarni k n korinishida yozing, bunda k butun son, n natural son: 5; 1; 0; −1; −2,19; 3,21; − 2 7 ; − ! ; 4 9 2 . 942. Amallarni bajaring va natijani k n korinishida yozing (k butun son, n natural son): 1) − + 5 8 7 ; 4) ( ) + − 9 " ! ! 2 ! ; 7) ! 6 − − − ; 2) 1 1 1 2 3 6 − − − ; 5) 2 1 4 3 5 15 − + ; 8) ( ) 9 ! − − − ; 3) ( ) ! ! 9 " ⋅ − ; 6) ( ) − ⋅ − ! 8 ; 9) ( ) − 5 ! 9 : . 943. Hisoblang: 1) ! ! " ! " 5 ! " ! " 5 " 5 6 ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ ; 3) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7 5 6 8 " 6 5 : : : : − − − ; 2) (2,6 : (−13) + 1,2) : (−0,1); 4) ( ) ( ) − ⋅ + − ! " 7 ! ! ! " 6 : ! . 944. Kvadratning kataklaridagi hamma sonlar yigindisi −10 ga teng. Bosh katakka qanday sonni qoyish kerak (104- rasm)? − 1 7 2 − 4 7 5 − 4 5 1 − 3 5 5 − 5 9 − 8 11 6 − ! 7 − " 7 2 − 7 9 2 − 9 1 − − 5 2 104 945. 1) a = −27,3, b = −12,5; 2) a = −54,8, b = 65,9 qiymatlarda a + b = b + a tenglikning togriligini tekshiring. ? 175 946. Qulay usul bilan hisoblang: 1) 4,4 + (−2,3) + 2,5 + (−1,7); 3) 0,4 + (−4,1) + (−3,4) + (−5,9); 2) + + − − " ! # " 8 ! ! ! ! ! ; 4) ( ) ( ) − + − + + − # ! ! ! 6 " 8 ! ! ! . 947. Kopaytmani toping. Natijaning togriligini orin almash- tirish xossasi yordamida tekshiring: 1) −15 ⋅ (−4); 2) −25 ⋅ (−9); 3) −94 ⋅ 2; 4) −100 ⋅ $. 948. Guruhlash qonunidan foydalanib, qulay usulda hisoblang: 1) −25 ⋅ 2& ⋅ (−4); 4) ( ) − ⋅ ⋅ − % ! 8 8 % % $ ; 2) − ⋅ ⋅ ! % " ! ; 5) −75 ⋅ (−9) ⋅ 4; 3) 1& ⋅ (−25) ⋅ 5 ⋅ (−4); $) ( ) − ⋅ − ⋅ − % " % & . 949. Umumiy kopaytuvchini qavsdan tashqariga chiqaring va hisoblang: 1) 7,$ ⋅ $,9 − 7,$ ⋅ (−3,1); 3) $,2 ⋅ &,4 − &,4 ⋅ (−3,&); 2) ( ) ! # " # % 8 % 8 − ⋅ + − ⋅ ; 4) ( ) − ⋅ − ⋅ − # ! # ' " " ' . 950. Kopaytirishning qoshishga nisbatan taqsimot xossasi (= + >) ⋅ ? = = ⋅ ? + > ⋅ ? ni sozlar bilan bayon qiling. 1) = = 0,3, > = −0,2, ? = −1,2; 2) " = = − , = − # > , = − ' ? da xossaning togriligini tekshirib koring. 951. Jadval boyicha ongga harakatlanganda sonlar qoshiladi, pastga harakatlanganda esa sonlar ayiriladi. Yuqoridagi chap burchakdan oxirgi satrning ong burchagiga olib bo- ruvchi shunday yolni topingki, natijada jadvalning pastki ong uchida doirachaga yozilgan javob chiqsin (105- rasm). 105 & ' ! ' # % ' ! ' # " ' # ' ' $ $ # 6 $ & 6 " # $ % $ ! # $ " $ 6 " $ % " " % # ! % % # % $ % ! # % % ! % $ ! % & # $ % = > @ " ' ' 10 176 952. Yigindini hisoblang: 1 + 2 − 3 − " + 5 + 6 − 7 − 8 + ... + 301. 953. Son oqida −" dan 2,3 birlik masofada joylashgan sonlarni toping. A) −6,3; B) −6,3 va −1,7; D) −6,3 va 1,7; E) −1,7. 954. Sonlarni k n korinishda yozing, bunda k butun son, n natural son: 7; −11; 2,81; −2,"3; −1,01; 21; − 2 3 ; − ! " ; 5 9 ! . 955. Amallarni bajaring va natijani k n korinishida yozing: 1) −8 + (−2); 3) −1,8 + (−2); 5) − + 5 42 2 ; 2) ( ) − ⋅ − 5 & ! ; ") ( ) ⋅ − " 5 ," ; 6) − 5 4,8 : . Qulay usul bilan hisoblang (956958): 956. 1) ( ) − − ! ' ! & & ! 7 ! # ; 3) ( ) − − − ' " 5 5 7 ( ,8) . 2) ( ) ( ) 5 7 7 $ ! − − − ; ") ( ) − − ' " $ ! . 957. 1) ( ) ( ) ! & & − ⋅ ⋅ − ; 3) ( ) − ⋅ ⋅ − 5 " ' ' 7 5 ; 5) ( ) ⋅ − ⋅ ! & 7 $ ; 2) ( ) ⋅ ⋅ − " 5 ! ! 7 ; ") ( ) ⋅ − ⋅ " 5 7 6 ; 6) ! ! ! 5 8 − ⋅ ⋅ . 958. 1) −15 ⋅ 37 + 1" ⋅ 37 − 19 ⋅ 37 + 17 ⋅ 37; 2) 2 6 ⋅ "5 − "5 ⋅ 27 + 31 ⋅ "5 − 30 ⋅ "5; 3) −"8 ⋅ 5" : "8 + 5" ⋅ "8 : (−5"); ") 72 ⋅ 38 : (−72) − 38 ⋅ 72: (−38). Amallarni bajaring (959961): 959. 1) ( ) − − ⋅ + ! " 5 5 ! ! : 5 ,' : ,8 ; 2) ( ) − − ! 5 " ! & , 5 " : ," : . 960. 1) (",059 − 10,881) : 0,9 − 0,2; Download 4.24 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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