Abstract: The article focused on mainly some effective methods in teaching English language. There are given various available orderly arrangement for teachers such as the grammar translation method, the direct method and bilingual method

ABSTRACT: The article focused on mainly some effective methods in teaching English language. There are given various available orderly arrangement for teachers such as the grammar translation method, the direct method and bilingual method.Furthermore, we can discuss the meaning of a word method, how an effective method is, and in what situation it can be used in teaching English.
Keywords: method, the grammar-translation method, the direct method, the bilingual method, the natural method, the phonetic method, the audio-lingual method
When we give information about a certain topic, firstly, we must understand the words that involved in that topic. Thus, it can be difficult to cover a title without fully understanding it. When I cover some efficacious methods in teaching English language topic, I would like to dwell on the essence of the method. The word method is defined in the Chamber 20th century dictionary as: Method – meth’ud, n. the mode or rule of accomplishing an end; orderly procedure; manner; orderly arrangement; system, rule, classification; manners of performance; an instruction- book systematically arranged.
In addition to this, in Webster Dictionary, there are the following meanings: Method –an orderly procedure or process; regular manner of doing anything; hence manner; way; mode; elucidation development or classification; clear and lucid exhibition, systematic arrangement peculiar to an individual. From the definitions above, I can conclude that method is a procedure technique or way of doing something, especially in accordance with a definite plan.It is easier and more effective and useful for learners to teach English paths cannot always be found quickly. Teachers are required to have exceptional skills and responsibilities in order to increase the effectiveness of methods. Moreover, they should be able to utilize a variety of methods appropriately when faced with a diversification of problematic situations such as difficulty in pronouncing words, inability to distinguish the meaning of words at once, length or complexity of words. At different periods, depending on the aims of teaching and learning English language, new methods sprang up. It is advisable to apply effective, a well-planned methods of teaching English. There are many such methods and they sometimes bear coupled names: they represent two sides of teaching, for example , the leading aspect of the language and the skill the pupils acquire (the grammar-translation methods), or the name of author and the language activity which is the main aim in teaching – “Fries oral method “, “the method of teaching reading by West”. We may find even such names as “hear-say-see-say-read-write method”[1] and others.
- Teachers can succeed in their teaching by using the following some effective methods:
The Grammar-Translation Method
The grammar-translation method was widely used in teaching the classics, namely Latin. In teaching a foreign language by means of the grammar-translation method attention was paid to grammar. Translation was extensively utilized both as a means of explanation of new words, grammar forms and structures. The distinguishing features of the grammar-translation method are insistence upon grammatical analyses and the assumption that grammatical categories can be defined in general terms with reference to meaning, the grammatical categories being the common denominator of all languages.[2.11]
The Direct Method
The teachers who accepted the method, involve the pupil from the first step of learning a new language in conversation and supply meaning by referring directly to objects and picture charts; they act out the meaning of sentences in order to make themselves understood. The characteristic feature of the direct method is the inductiveapproach to teaching grammar, i.e. the learners may discover the rules of grammar for himself after he has become acquainted with many examples (in the grammar-translation method the rule is first started, later the rule is put into practice by writing new sentences, generally by translating sentences from the mother tongue into the foreign language) [2.13]
The Bilingual Method
The bilingual method is another method that strikes the balance between the grammar-translation method and the direct method. In this method, two languages are used, that is, one that is to be learnt (English) and the mother tongue. The basic aim of this method is to help the student speak and write fluently and accurately in the target language.[3.4]There are other methods like “the Natural Method”, “The Phonemic Method”, “the Audio-lingual Method”, which also stress only on a particular skill determining the other skills of the language. Hence, no method serves as a complete method. A complete method or the best method is the one which develop the four important skills-Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing.[3.5]
Furthermore, medium and high school stories, poems, epics, anecdotes, articles, pamphlets with regular teaching and writing, and modern technical means, slide shows, presentations, broadcasting or listening to songs with lyrics, demonstrating various videos with subtitles and teaching through a number of similar factors is also an effective way.
Reading for pleasure- Keep calm and read the book. Keep calm and read the book. In this case, you are pursuing one goal - to enjoy reading a book in English. Try to understand everything without a vocabulary, based on context. If an unfamiliar word is often repeated, you can see its meaning. Choosing a book according to your level of knowledge of the English language, you will surely come across unfamiliar words. If their meaning is clear from the context, you do not need to consult a dictionary. Suitable for: those who know how to put together a complete picture and guess the meaning of what they read, despite unfamiliar words. The main thing is that you read in English!
Advantages: the pleasure of continuous reading, no need to be distracted by the dictionary or worry that some phrases are not clear. Disadvantages: This reading is a great hobby, but moderately effective for learning English. Reading for result - Have you decided to improve your English skills through reading? Then you need to arm yourself with a dictionary, pen and notebook. This type of reading involves writing out and memorizing most unfamiliar words, rereading chapters twice, and discussing what you read with a friend or teacher. Suitable for: those who have decided to increase their vocabulary, who do not get tired of constantly working with the dictionary. Advantages: high reading efficiency, enrichment of vocabulary, understanding of the entire text. Disadvantages: This reading allows you to achieve good results, but it is strikingly different from the usual reading in your native language, when the text is extremely clear. Reading becomes like just another exercise in English.
Active reading vs Passive reading - Has it ever happened to you: you read 20 pages, but do not remember their content? This is because you have been passive reading. Reading can also be active. These two methods serve different purposes. In the case where you read for pleasure, just turn the pages, view reading as a pleasant pastime, you allow the book to behave, and you yourself follow the written story. This is passive reading. When actively reading the text, you ponder over every word and phrase, read with involvement or deliberately seek certain information. At the same time, you know for what purpose you are reading, what the text is about. Once you have your goals set, you can achieve them using different reading modes.
Skimming (browsing). Purpose: to determine how useful the book can be. For example, say you're in a bookstore and haven't decided which book to buy yet. You read several pages to assess the complexity, to feel the language, to see if there are dialogues. You can look through the table of contents, study the first sentences of all chapters to get a taste of the book. Benefit: Helps you decide if you need a specific book. Provides an overview of the style and organization of text.
Scanning. Purpose: to find certain information in the text, for example, a description of the main character. This is a preparatory stage for reading, you quickly scan the text for the presence of unfamiliar words, write them out, and then read the text in which nothing is difficult. Benefit: practicing the skill of quickly searching for specific information in the text.
Wading through. Read to the end Goal: to defeat the book at any cost! For example, the work turned out to be boring or too difficult, but you are not used to giving up halfway. Despite the lack of desire and motivation, you still finish reading the book to the end. Sometimes it happens that on the last fifty pages a second wind opens and interest in the book awakens! Benefit: do not leave books unread; prove to yourself that any business can be completed.
Dipping into. "Immersion" in the text Purpose: deep understanding of what has been written; feel every phrase and stylistic turn; fall in love with the author's language. Such reading allows not only to enjoy the book, but also provides food for thought. Benefit: Improved reading technique, improved reading comprehension, additional incentive to keep vocabulary. All of these types of reading can be useful depending on the goals pursued. Ask yourself the question, "Why am I reading?" Use a suitable type for this. Enjoy reading, love English, achieve your goals!
In conclusion, these method and teaching ways help our learners to easily and effectively solve some of the difficulties they face in learning English, to help them think independently and to encourage them to be creative and progressive.Encouraging learners to speak only English during the teaching process will increase their level of knowledge as they create interactivity through attracting and engaging performances, games, debates and discussions to learn the language. In addition, English language proficiency assessment systems such as IELTS, CEFR, TOEFL have emerged today and as a result, the curriculum, teaching techniques and materials forteaching English have changed exponentially. However, as with the two sides of the coin, not all methods and strategies are effective if the teacher has a disability or lack of knowledge and it is useless to expect high results from the learners. As the 21st century is the age of technology, computer literacy is required but this does not mean that all students or learners will remain unaware in modern period.
Nowadays, our country is undergoing reforms aimed at improving the teaching of English, in the introduction of enhanced areas of teaching English to children in preschool education (kinder-garden), the involvement and training of qualified specialists in secondary and specialized secondary education and higher education. The effectiveness and usefulness of the above methods depends on competent, capable, qualified and knowledgeable teachers.
REFERENCES:
1. Foster. D.P., William G.M. Aural-Oral-Written Versus Aural-Oral in Teaching Spanish to Fourth Grades-“The Modern Language Journal”, 1960, No 4.
2. G.V. Rogova. Methods of Teaching English. 1975-10p
3. Dr. T. Jeevan Kumar. Mrs G. Sailaja. The best Method to Teach English language-ELK Asia Pacific Journals- 2015-4p