Accounting for Managers
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Accounting for Managers
Advanced Fraud
197 Where Is Fraud and How Much Does It Cost? A survey conducted by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) in 2002 showed the 10 most common types of frauds out of 971 fraud cases studied, along with the frequen- cy and median cost of each in 2002: Billing schemes 25.2% $160,000 Skimming 24.7% $70,000 Check tampering 16.7% $140,000 Corruption schemes 12.8% $530,000 Expense reimbursements 12.2% $60,000 Payroll schemes 9.8% $140,000 Noncash misappropriations 9.0% $200,000 Cash larceny 6.9% $25,000 Fraudulent financial statements 5.1% $4,250,000 Register disbursements 1.7% $18,000 Through correlation analysis, the survey also found that audits have a substantial impact on the size of the typical fraud and that the risks of financial statement manipulation are greatest in smaller businesses that are trying to raise money from a private source. Notice also that fraudulent financial statements, although they rank low on the list in frequency, involve a cost that’s almost four times the sum of all the other fraudulent activities. Chargeback A reversal against a sale that was cred- ited to a merchant’s account, resulting in the debiting of the amount of the transaction.The merchant loses in several ways: the inventory is lost, the purchase price is lost, there are fees charged for each chargeback, and a merchant can lose the account if the number of charge- backs is excessive. Webster10.qxd 8/29/2003 10:23 AM Page 197 equipment and identity theft. Largely based out- side the U.S., they move quickly to escape detec- tion. They’re the biggest single threat to credit card transaction. As in every fraud scenario, there is always the risk of internal collusion. Employees of companies with secured cardholder data on file may get access to valid payment data. They might also reveal information about the lat- est defensive techniques. There are some well-known and commonly used tips to pro- tect your credit card sales activities. Two quick clues are high- volume, high-value orders. An order for two dozen $200 tennis shoes in multiple sizes should probably raise an eyebrow. If this comes from a first-time buyer in one of the global fraud hot spots—Indonesia, Nigeria, or Eastern Europe—and uses one of the free e-mail addresses, that might nudge the other eyebrow up. If the order asks for a rush shipment to multiple addresses, then it might be time to blow the whistle. You can also ask customers for the CVC2 (MC), CVV2 (Visa), and CID (AMEX) verification numbers. Visa reports that this alone will cut chargebacks by 26%. Let the customer know what name will show on statements as the charging company. Too many charges have been refused because people did not associate the purchase with that company name. (That’s a mis- understanding and not technically fraud—but it still costs!) Require signatures on delivery. Use a carrier that requires a signature on delivery and lets you keep a copy of the signature. Retain these for your records. As some further protection at the point of sale, you can ask for copies of the identification and credit card. The more you can show that you are serious about Download 3.03 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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