Acromonogram

Rhetorical questionimplies asking question not to gain information, but to assert more emphatically the obvious answer to what is asked. No answer is expected by the speaker.
e.g. Who said you should be happy? Do your work. (Collette)
It is used:
- to express some additional shade of meaning (doubt, assertion, suggestion);
- to enhance the emotional charge of the utterance.
Synecdocheis a kind of metonymy. This term denotes using the name of a part to denote the whole or vice versa.
e.g. Miss Bertrams were too handsome themselves to dislike any woman for being so too, and were almost as much charmed as their brothers with her lively dark eye, clear brown complexion, and general prettiness. (J. Austen)
It is used:
- to show a property or an essential quality of the concept;
- to impart any special force to linguistic expression.
Syntactic tautologyimplies 1) recurrence of the noun subject in the form of the corresponding personal pronoun; 2) repetition of the sentence by means of the pronominal subject and an auxiliary or modal verb, representing the predicate.
e.g.That Willie Sawyer he don’t know how to have any fun at all. (E. Hemingway)
She knows a lot about religion, does Sally. (D. Lodge)
It is used:
- to make the noun subject of the sentence more prominent;
- to reproduce the peculiarities of colloquial speech or the speech of uneducated people.
Symbolism. A word functions as a symbol when it is used to indicate not only its usual referent, but also something quite different. Some symbols have traditional associations. For example, the word flag refers not only to a cloth banner, but it also symbolises the country that flies it. Other conventional symbols include a circle – perfection; the sun – power or reason; greenery – youth; winter – old age; and a road – the path of life. For example, when Walt Whitman used the symbol of the “ship of state” in his poem O Captain! My Captain! readers knew that the poem was actually referring to the ship of the United States and its lost captain, Abraham Lincoln. Writers can also create their own associations between unlike things, establishing personal symbols.
Synesthesiais adescription of a sensory experience as if it were perceived through another sense. For example, describing a painter’s colours – a visual experience – in auditory terms – as clashing or loud. The following lines from William Blake’s poem, London, use synesthesia to describe an auditory phenomenon – a soldier’s sigh – in visual terms: “And the hapless soldier’s sigh / Runs in blood down palace walls.”
Zeugma consists in combining unequal semantically heterogeneous or even incompatible words or phrases.
e.g. He lost his hat and his temper.
She dropped a tear and her pocket handkerchief.
It is used:
- to produce humorous effect;
- to make the two meanings more conspicuous.
Giving reason: owing to, due to the fact that, inasmuch as, since, because of, on account of; accordingly, hence, consequently, as a consequence of, on the grounds that, resulting in, therefore, thus, in view of, now that, seeing that, for this reason.