Adaptation of texts in children's literature content: introduction

2.2.History of Uzbek children's literature
Within the Uzbek children's writing of the period of autonomy, the impact of national instructional method, verbal society craftsmanship is followed, which leads to the fortifying of the national color within the works, the mindfulness of society intelligence, the childhood of positive qualities, the improvement of the discourse of children with national concepts and terms. In this way, K. Yuldoshev composes: “Today's writing does not oblige itself to appear individuals the way, does not address the peruser, does not imagine to be a instructor. It stirs the reader's demeanor with the nuance and beauty of the depiction, the startling quality of the expressions. It ought to be famous that the excellence of the literature of freedom isn't exterior, but within the depths of the text.” Child brain research plays an vital part in children's writing. One of the foremost excellent, earnest and one of a kind highlights of our writing is, of course, psychologism, which uncovers the character of a individual, his internal world through his mind. Mental forms are the arrangement and improvement of otherworldly, instructive, passionate, discourse circumstances in children, the advancement of mental characteristics, the advancement of different sorts of exercises, such as perusing, work, playing games, human learning, arrangement in children. The scope of spiritual and instructive issues of the sociopolitical environment with the assistance of human feelings and encounters is observed within the works of Uzbek fiction. Among the awesome agents of Uzbek writing are Alisher Navoi, Yusuf Khos Khojib, who were the primary to delineate human`s brain research. Child brain research is the think about of the fundamental and particular highlights of the mental advancement of children, how the same forms happen at distinctive ages, driving strengths and laws.Therefore, child brain research is frequently called youth brain research. In truth, child brain research too advanced from common brain research. In this case, a few investigate strategies are utilized. Be that as it may, their utilize has its claim quirks. When considering little, young identity characteristics of a child, the most inquire about is called transverse and longitudinal. In our to begin with case, one and the same mental handle is carried out at the same time in children belonging to distinctive age bunches; in our moment case, the mental characteristics of children taken independently have been examined for numerous a long time. At the same time, one can watch the general course of advancement of child brain research. Child brain research plays a really imperative part in their childhood. Knowledge of child brain research is of incredible offer assistance in children's writing and in their childhood. When considering child brain research, clinicians and analysts got to take after a number of rules and standards. One of them is the truthfulness run the show. The development of modern and distinctive highlights within the intellect of the child. It is essential to ponder all the things, occasions and conditions that guarantee the appearance of each of its qualities. For case, in case a child isn't interested and amid a lesson observes another classmate, it is imperative to discover out the reason of it. It is critical to know why his companion pulled in his consideration: likely his friend`s dress were harmed or heliked them exceptionally much, or whether he was bored, so it could be a matter of the child's mind. In arrange to make fiction, it is fundamental to ponder the child's mind in profundity. In English children's writing, John Locke wrote: “Long talks, and philosophical readings, at best, flabbergast and bewilder, but don't educated children. When I say, hence, that they must be treated as levelheaded animals, I mean merely must make them sensible, by the mellowness of your carriage, and within the composure even within the correction of them, that what you are doing is reasonable in you, and valuable and essential for them; which it is not out of caprichio, energy or favor, that you simply command or restrict them anything.”He too made a extraordinary commitment to English children's writing. Within the writing of any country, information of brain research, understanding it and passing on it to the peruser through one of a kind words plays a key part. As a result a expansive portion of child brain research is conveyed to more youthful readers through fiction.
A incredible include of children's writing is that it is inextricably linked to the age, history and social environment of the peruser. For illustration, in the event that we see at the age of the child, we see presentations for children matured 4-5 a long time, booksdecorated with exceptionally colorful pictures, that's , they can understand the substance with pictures. For more seasoned children, we are able suggest books wealthy in verse, enigmas, adages and idioms.
Children's writing is an indispensably portion of general literature, and it has its possess characteristics and interface of perusers. Subsequently, it is recognized by its imaginative and inventiveness, which is within the interface of children andinline with thepsychologyof children. Useful sorts of children's writing incorporate instructive, ethical, and entertainment works. Children's writing is the craftsmanship of discourse as portion of common writing. A. M. Gorky expressed that the scope of all our writing “sovereign” children's writing. In spite of the fact that, the standards, errands ,artisticmethods of writing foradultsand children's literaturearethe same, the last mentioned has as it were the idiosyncrasies of children's writing. It is decided by the learning targets and the age of the reader. It implies taking under consideration the essential recognizing highlights, the founders of children's writing are celebrated poets and journalists, faultfinders and instructors who conversation approximately the idiosyncrasies of children's writing as a word craftsmanship. They realized that children's writing may be a genuine craftsmanship, not a didactictool. Agreeing to V. G. Belinsky, writing for children is recognized by the “true art of creation”, that's , be a phoneme of craftsmanship and be the creator of children's books. This task decides the critical capacities that have to be be performed in society. There's a particular sort of feeling that emerges when perusing these works of craftsmanship. Children can appreciate the aesthetics of perusing no less than grown-ups. Children's writing is exceptionally unusual, since nearly 60% of children's writing is almost adventure.Children's writing is body of verbal and composed works that point to communicate moral and tasteful values to children and createchildren's emotional insights, creative ability and dialect abilities. Uzbek writing, which is one of the critical centers of the Turkic dialect, culture and literature within the Turkestan area, incorporates a wealthy children's writing corpus. Uzbek children's writing started to require shape with Uzbek textbooks composed at the starting of the 20th century, and developed as an independent writing within the 1930's. In spite of the fact that Uzbek children's literature is the subject of various sorts of considers, it is an area that's for the most part dismissed. This ponder points to examine the improvement of the Uzbek children's writing from 1930 to the present, and to raise mindfulness of Uzbek children's writing. Interpretations from world children's literatures into Uzbek were excluded from the scope of the think about. The think about fabric is confined to the common sort of children's writing, verse. The investigate centers on the taking after questions: What political/social occasions and components impacted the Uzbek children's writing? What are the periods and who are the agents of the Uzbek children's writing? What are sorts of subjects within the Uzbek children's verse? Uzbek children's writing has been inspected in three sections in this ponder, 1930-1960, 1960-1990 and 1990-present. The study analyzes the political and social foundation of each period and their reflections in verse in terms of topics, and incorporates examples of lyrics bearing the characteristics of the period with their Turkish translations.Uzbek children's writing showed up and created within the early twentieth century.
World children's writing, Uzbek classical writing, Uzbek old stories have played an vital part within the rise of Uzbek children's writing, its sorts and classes. Sorts such as people stories, enigmas, and goddesses have ended up portion of children's writing. In specific, the pixie story genre was stylized and made modern classes. Whereas society stories are epic, Uzbek children's writing has epic, sensational, and lyrical-epic stories. Such works are a union of two sorts. For illustration, from the amalgamation of the class of pixie stories and books to the genre of fairy tales, from the sorts of pixie stories and brief stories to the classes of pixie stories, pixie tales and dramas.If I break off like a leaf,Don't disregard me.My job respects,He builds a statue out of flowers.My sonnets resound,Even after thousands of yearsDon't disregard me.One must live life with certainty. In specific, each child ought to have certainty in people and the country. It could be a country that produces man human, makes him, and destroys him. Cherishing the individuals and taking after the individuals have existed since old times. The poet Cholpon moreover talks approximately the awesome control of the individuals, how children take after the individuals in behavior, perusing, behavior, help the burden of the individuals, develop up and listen to any work. says:The individuals are the ocean, the individuals are the waves, the individuals are the power,The individuals are resistance, the individuals are fire, the individuals are revenge.… Let's get all the control from the people,Let's grasp and go into the people!Children's writing started to require shape from year to year. Particularly in these a long time Z.Diyor, D. Oppokova, M. Fayzi, I. Muslim, A. Rahmat, Sh. The addition of Sa'dulla, S. Jo'ra, M. Akilova, Q. Muhammadi, H. Nazir was a great occasion. They encourage children to study well, to appreciate the light of science, and to develop up to be the genuine children and girls of the age.Children's literature has advanced from year to year. By the 30s, he had his claim proficient writers and journalists. Children's artists developed up within the areas of verse (Zafar Diyor, Adham Rahmat, Ilyas Muslim, Shukur Sadulla, Sultan Jo'ra, Mahmuda Akilova, Quddus Muhammadi), exposition (Majid Fayzi, Dorjiya Oppokova, Hakim Nazir), and dramatization (Zafar Diyor, Dorjiya Oppokova). Sadriddin Ayni, Gafur Gulam, Hamid Olimjon, Oybek, Shokir Sulaymon, Elbek and Gayratiy too contributed to the improvement of Uzbek children's literature.During this period, Zafar Diyar's collections of "Melodies" (1933), "Ceremony" (1936), "Sonnets" (1939), "Favored" (1940), "Lyrics and Stories" (1940) and the sonnet "Engineer" (1935), Dramatization "Cheerful Youth", stories "Sending", "Sad"; A. Rahmat's books "Dum" (1938), "Upbeat Youth" (1939), "Wonderful Gods" (1940), "Sonnets" (1940), "Tricky Fox" (1940); Sultan Jo'ra's Fidokor (1940); Ilyas Muslim's "Development" (1932), "Poisoners" (1932), "Miqti Keldi" (1934); Shukur Sadulla's "Shout" (1933) was published.During this period, numerous works of writing of intimate people groups were interpreted into Uzbek. As a result, Uzbek children's writing has gotten to be wealthier in every way. In particular, the dispatch of such distributions as "Youthful Turkestans", "Children's Comrade", "Children's World", "Changing Youth", "Youthful Control" driven to the comprehensive improvement of children's literature.So the scope of children's literature has expanded. The subjects of youth, school life, the nature of the homeland, fellowship of people groups, cherish of science, calling and innovation are broadly secured in children's literature.There is a saying among our individuals: "In the event that your country is lively, your color will not be straw". Amid the Moment World War, Oybek, Hamid Olimjon, Gafur Gulam, Sabir Abdulla, Uygun, Maqsud Shaykhzoda, Zafar Diyor, Amin Umari, Gayrati, Mirtemir, Ilyas Muslim, Sultan Jo'ra and others were persuaded that the Nazi intruders would be wiped out. . Uygun's "Goodbye", Zafar Diyor's "Small Warrior", Ilyas Muslim's "We Weave the Yard", Sultan Jo'ra's "Material Process Weavers", Rano Uzokova's "Talpin, Yurak" were among the primary works in children's writing to condemn war.The fundamental subject of children's writing of this period was the bold battle of national heroes against the Nazi invaders "Khat" (Hamid Olimjon), "You're not an vagrant" (Gafur Gulam), "Around the country", "Yigitlarga" (Oybek), "Why fight? ”,“ Captain Gastello ”(Maqsud Shaykhzoda),“ Melody approximately Vatan ”(Uygun),“ Vatan ”,“ Chavandoz ”(Temir Fattoh),“ Donate me a weapon as well! ”,“ Our family ”(Zafar Diyor), The Wedding Muhammad ”(Sultan Jora),“ My Mother's Sayings ”(Adham Rahmat), and“ We Are going Win ”(Hasan Said).In the children's verse of the post-war period, the works around the Country, the lovely arrive, our free arrive are critical. “Yashna, Vatan” (I. Muslim), “Obod ölkam”, “Yurtimizin yuragi” (P. Momin), “Mening Vatanim”, “Bakhtli balalar” (Q. Hikmat), “Olkamizning day break is dawning” (A. Rahmat ), “The story of a rancher granddad and twelve children” (A. Aripov), “The word mother” (O. Matjon) and others. Itis not sufficient to list the lyrics composed on this subject.Abdulla Aripov's poem "The Story of a Farmer's Granddad and Twelve Children" was one of the foremost critical accomplishments of children's writing in recent years. There are numerous works almost Uzbekistan in Uzbek children's verse. A. Aripov composed a unique unique work without repeating them. The heroes of the lyric are amazing, open understudies from twelve provinces. They know the history of their place. They reply the questions of the grandfather who went with them on the prepare. Each locale of Uzbekistan has its claim wealth, cities and liberal people.In this sonnet, which is based on discourse, the grandfather's final discourse is very significant. The four lines of the lyric express the magnificence, magnificence and control of our nation, which is getting to be more and more affluent, free and self-determined:Every put you nameThere will be one garden,If you include it all up,It will be Uzbekistan.The Uzbek individuals have continuously been dedicated. Commerce has been acquired from our ancestors. Q. Muhammadi's "Morals", "My grandmother's story", H. Yakubov's "Sun of Syrdarya", Shukur Sadulla's "Children of our yard", "Software engineer young lady", "Nursery worker young lady", Ilyas Muslim's "Ayhan and basil", "Working bees", “Your gift”, Polat Momin's “Looking at the fields”, “The sun came out of the world”, Qudrat Hikmat's “Grandfather and grandson”, “Jojam, don't walk”, Tolib Yuldosh's “Time is precious”, Yusuf Shomansur's “Baraka”, “Tikuvchi” poems directly given to the subject of labor.In their works, our artists win the adore of perusers with their poems that encourage children to be dedicated, to regard the working individuals, to regard and cherish what was made by the sweat of their brows.One of the foremost important things is to bring up children within the soul of adore for nature from kindergarten age. Children's craftsmen pay extraordinary consideration to this issue. “A Story of a Little Gardener”, “A Discussion with Water”, “A Story of a Tall Mountain, a Wide Knoll and a Courageous Comrade” (Z. Diyor), “Four Seasons” (Sh. Sadulla), “Come to Our Garden” (G. Gulom ), “Boychechak”, “Guncha” (Uygun), “Orik gullaganda” (H. Olimjon), “Yurtimiz tabiati”, “Tillaqongiz” (I. Muslim), “Tabiat alifbosi”, “Kanatli dostlar” (Q. Muhammadi ), “Spring”, “Mountain landscape”, “Water” (Q. Hikmat), “Turtle” (Y. Shomansur), “A take of walnuts” (M. Azam), “Rainbow legend” (O. Matjon) and others are included. Shukur Sadulla's "Little Fowl" stands out among them. In it, children's adore and care for fowls are deeply ingrained in the verses.The children's artist Olim Mahkam is one of the foremost requesting journalists. He revamped each of his works, emphasizing the simplicity and artistic flawlessness of his language. Consider his sonnet "Butterfly." How straightforward is this four-line work. But it is exceptionally compelling. In the sonnet, it is obvious that not as it were individuals, but moreover creepy crawlies and creepy crawlies are in favor of nature's consistent flowering:"Butterfly, come here,"How numerous flights do you fly !?"Don't chase me, Erkinjon."You step on the flower.When talking around today's Uzbek children's verse, it is essential to pay uncommon consideration to the works that reflect the life of the school. Everythingdepends on consider, school. School-themed lyrics express positive qualities, such as clean rooms, a upbeat life, and children's crave to appreciate the light of science.Polat Momin's "Whether in study or at work", "Melody of our lesson", "Instructors"; Ergash Raimov's works, such as "Presently I am an grown-up," reflect the breath of the day.Dozens of lyrics, pixie stories, and epics have showed up since World War II. Oybek's "Zafar and Zahro", "Bobom", Quds Muhammadi's "What is the strongest in the world?", "Solijon"; Shukur Sadulla's Lakma it, Two Astute Men; Polat Momin's "Appointees", "Goodness, it's so sweet", "Hol's ugly bicycle", "Brilliant woodwind", "Pixie story listened by Jalil"; Qudrat Hikmat's "Turtle Attack", "Bobodehqon Hangomasi", "Chovkar", "Chirchik Farzandi", Ramz Bobojon's "Shepherd's Son"; Safar Barnoyev's "We are laborer children", "The legend of the Brilliant City", "Brilliant Darlings"; Miraziz Azam's "Smart Children", "Bedana's Grandmother"; Toshpolat Hamid's "Asrorqul's smash", Ergash Raimov's "One leaf"; Azim Usmon's "Unusual Mythical beast"; Sagas and pixie stories by Kavsar Turdiyeva, such as "Within the arrive of stonecutters" were made.
Just as verse created in cutting edge Uzbek children's writing, so did composition. A modern era of journalists has developed. Narrating, in specific, has developed. Stories were made that may completely react to children's age, interface, and worldviews. Hakim Nazir, Yakubjon Shukurov, Shukur Sadulla, Khudoiberdi Tokhtaboyev, Turgunboy Goipov, Rahmat Azizkhojayev, Latif Mahmudov, Farhod Musajon, Sabir Yunusov, Akiljon Husanov, Mahmud Murodov, Nodir Nazarov, Ergash Raimov, Safar Barnoyev, Abusaid Obidjon and Abusaid Obidov. collections of stories were distributed.
In numerous stories, the lives of children are reflected. Shodmonbek Otaboyev's story "Itolgi" is committed to the adore and regard for birds and insects. It may be a bird that catches and eats sparrows and birds. Shukurali aka Itolgi presents his nephew Shavkat. Shavkat needed to utilize it to ensure the grapes. But the winged creature does not feel comfortable in them. When asked why, Shavkat's father explained that the winged creature yearned for opportunity and freedom. Shavkat could be a compassionate boy who adores feathered creatures. He scarcely keeps Itolgi in a cage for three days. It is as in case he is sitting in a cage, not a feathered creature, and he pushes the puppy out of the cage totally. The bird flies absent as on the off chance that to say "thank you" to the child.
Numerous good works have been created in children's brief stories. From Oybek, Ghafur Ghulam, Abdulla Qahhor to the display day, their number has developed massively. Illustrations are Hakim Nazir, Shukur Sadulla, Khudoiberdi Tokhtaboyev, Hojiakbar Shaykhov, Anvar Obidjon, Latif Mahmudov, Farhod Musajon, Habib Pulatov, Muqimjon Niyazov, Rustam Rakhmonov, Ibokhon, Shukur Kholmirzaev, Oqiljon Husanov, Marva Jaloliddinova, Asad Dilmo'd. Ergash Raimov, Mamatkul Hazratkulov and others can be specified.
Amid this period, the scope of children's narrating has enormously extended. The difficult work of the senior citizens, their mettle ("Well of lava"), interest in the Moment World War ("The Undertakings of Rustamjon"), our progressively prosperous beautiful cities and tolerant, sympathetic individuals ("Commander's Experience"), the battle against the oppressors of the past, cheerful and the journey for a brighter day ("Kachal Polvon"),children's lives and exercises within the areas during World War II ("Phantom in the Wilderness"), bolster for herders ("White Horse"), student field brigades ("Zamon"), fun and arbitrariness. Themes such as children and their re-education (Our Novel) are at the cutting edge of this period's account. Amid this period, the genres of enterprise, science fiction also developed in children's brief stories. Khudoiberdi Tokhtaboyev ("Riding the Yellow Mammoth", "The Golden Head of the Avengers", "In the Land of Sweet Melons"), Hojiakbar Shaykhov ("Demonstration within the Sky", "Pretense Belt", "Memory of Ancestors"), Mahkam Mahmudov ("Planet of the Invert Eyes") ), Anvar Obidjon ("Liar No. 0099", "Awful Meshpolvon"), Olloyor ("Space Insect"), Oqiljon Husanov ("Child Developing Up in the Mountains") and others are successful in this class.
Sensational works also play an important role in children's childhood. The lyrics of Hakim Nazir, Adham Rahmat, Polat Momin, Mamarasul Boboyev, Turgunboy Goyipov, Narimon Orifjonov, Latif Mahmudov, Farhod Musajon add to the delight of children with their childishness. Together with advanced Uzbek children's fiction, children's writing and scholarly feedback moreover developed and created. A number of reading material, manuals, collections, monographs and books have been composed. Handfuls of candidate and doctoral dissertations were guarded. In this way, present day Uzbek children's writing continues to create. He is getting wealthier and wealthier with modern scholars, new works. In short, this literature serves for the prosperity of our autonomous Uzbekistan.