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Number of Siblings
As for the number of siblings, there seems to be a bell-shaped pattern of
findings to illustrate the family size of the drug abuse offenders. Figure 1
presents the details of this finding.
Figure 1 : The Number of Siblings of The Drug Abuse Offenders
The finding was quite surprising and did not support the earlier
hypothesis. Figure 1 depicts that there is a critical number of siblings
(i.e., ranging from 4-6) that most drug abuse offenders have. Most of
them have four to six siblings in the family. One explanation for this
finding could be due to the family trend in today's society. Most big
families in the urban area have only four to six children. Only a very
small percentage of urban families have more than six children. Since
a majority of these families have four to six children, there is a tendency
that these children might get less supervision and parental control.
Thus, there is a high tendency for them to abuse drugs.
Parental Vocational Status
Based on the data, it was found that the drug abuse offenders have the
following percentage distribution for parental vocational status: (1) only
the father works (44.19%), (2) both parents work (32.56%), (3) only the
mother works (11.63%), and (4) both parents do not work (9.30%). The
finding did not support the hypothesis and did not present any specific
Percentage (%)
Number of Siblings

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Demographic Determinants of Drug Abuse Problem
Among Secondary School Students in an Urban Area
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Rafidah Aga Mohd Jaladin , m/s 155-172
pattern. Based on the record, it was hard to determine whether those
students who reported that only the father works or only the mother
works came from single-parent families or not. If they did, Jenkins (1995)
has sufficient explanation to account for the high percentage of 44.19%
and 11.63% (which totals up to 55.82%) (See Jenkins, 1995 for details).
However, if this assumption is invalid, it is hard to draw any specific
conclusion. Moreover, previous studies have shown that among the
family variables, the largest coefficients were the bond between mother
and child, followed by family drug problems. The bond between father
and child, parental supervision, and family aggression were relatively
weak predictors of adolescent drug use. This was unexpected because
most researches show that parental supervision influences the likelihood
of delinquency (Glueck & Glueck, 1950; Hirschi, 1995; Sampson & Lanb,
1993).