ALTERNATIVE FUELS
INTRODUCTION In the EU, transport is responsible for an estimated 21% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Fossil oil is the main energy source with a 98% contribution to all transport fuels. Drivers can greatly reduce these impacts: - choosing cleaner vehicles
- driving more efficiently
In most cases these measures will lead to: - financial savings
- environmental benefits
WHAT ARE BIOFUELS? Biofuels (Biodiesel, Bioethanol, Biogas ) Biofuels: fuels from a variety of sources of biomass: - plant materials
- certain types of crops
- recycled or waste vegetable oils
Biodiesel/bioethanol: - They can replace conventional diesel/petrol entirely respectively
- They can be blended with diesel/petrol in different proportions:
- Engines require no modification to use 5% blends
- For biodiesel, blends up to 20-30% are possible, but it invalidates many manufacturers’ warranties
- Bioethanol can be used as:
Sunfuel/Synfuel: - Gas to liquid fuels: from gasified biomass or biogas via Fischer Tropsch Synthesis.
WHY PROMOTE BIOFUELS? Transport biofuels have risen to prominence in recent years. The main reasons for promoting biofuels are: - To contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions;
- To contribute to the security of energy supply;
- To promote a greater use of renewable energy;
- To diversify agricultural economies into new markets.
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT BIOFUELS
BIOFUELS: BIODIESEL, BIOETHANOL
BIOFUELS: BIODIESEL, BIOETHANOL
IS NATURAL GAS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL? Natural Gas Natural Gas as an alternative fuel: clean burning qualities of the product. It has to be stored in a compressed state (CNG) or in a liquefied state (LNG): - Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
- Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
Methane is the major part of Natural Gas.
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT NATURAL GAS
WHAT ARE HEVs? Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Hybrid car: battery engine and internal combustion engine. Hybrids are sold at a premium compared to their non-hybrid equivalents but can bring large fuel savings in start and stop operation (city traffic). In most EU countries hybrids qualify for purchase grants and/or reduced taxes.
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT HEVs
More than 50 % of the conventional fleet owners will purchase alternative propulsion vehicles. More than 50 % of the conventional fleet owners will purchase alternative propulsion vehicles. Measures regarding the following aspects are ranged by fleet operators as very positive and important:
Alternative fuel use in the Municipal Transport Company (EMT) of Madrid (Spain) Alternative fuel use in the Municipal Transport Company (EMT) of Madrid (Spain) - Use of biofuel
- 209 vehicles use biodiesel obtained from rapeseed and sunflower and 5 use bioethanol
- Use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
- Hybrid systems (diesel – electric)
- Use of Fuel cells
- H2 Refuelling station able to fill the tank of the bus in 15 minutes and 350 bar pressure
HOW SUGRE MIGHT HELP YOU? Offering Site Visits Twice a Year with Workshop Holding Training Workshops - in certain cities, presenting strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for alternative fuels and alternative propulsion
- going beyond biodiesel including PPO/SVO pure plant oil, E95 ethanol in diesel electric, hybrid electric, battery electric..
Training Materials Download
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