Alternative fuels introduction

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

INTRODUCTION

• In the EU, transport is responsible for an estimated 21% of all greenhouse gas emissions.

• Fossil oil is the main energy source with a 98% contribution to all transport fuels.

• Drivers can greatly reduce these impacts:

• choosing cleaner vehicles
• driving more efficiently

• In most cases these measures will lead to:

• financial savings
• environmental benefits

WHAT ARE BIOFUELS?

• Biofuels (Biodiesel, Bioethanol, Biogas )

• Biofuels: fuels from a variety of sources of biomass:

• plant materials
• certain types of crops
• recycled or waste vegetable oils

• Biodiesel/bioethanol:

• They can replace conventional diesel/petrol entirely respectively
• They can be blended with diesel/petrol in different proportions:
• Engines require no modification to use 5% blends
• For biodiesel, blends up to 20-30% are possible, but it invalidates many manufacturers’ warranties
• Bioethanol can be used as:
• E85 (85% ethanol, 15% petrol) in Flexible Fuel Vehicles
• Additive ETBE (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether) up to 15%

• Sunfuel/Synfuel:

• Gas to liquid fuels: from gasified biomass or biogas via Fischer Tropsch Synthesis.

WHY PROMOTE BIOFUELS?

• Transport biofuels have risen to prominence in recent years. The main reasons for promoting biofuels are:

• To contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions;
• To contribute to the security of energy supply;
• To promote a greater use of renewable energy;
• To diversify agricultural economies into new markets.

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT BIOFUELS

BIOFUELS: BIODIESEL, BIOETHANOL

BIOFUELS: BIODIESEL, BIOETHANOL

IS NATURAL GAS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL?

• Natural Gas

• Natural Gas as an alternative fuel: clean burning qualities of the product.

• It has to be stored in a compressed state (CNG) or in a liquefied state (LNG):

• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
• Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).

• Methane is the major part of Natural Gas.

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT NATURAL GAS

WHAT ARE HEVs?

• Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)

• Hybrid car: battery engine and internal combustion engine.

• Hybrids are sold at a premium compared to their non-hybrid equivalents but can bring large fuel savings in start and stop operation (city traffic). In most EU countries hybrids qualify for purchase grants and/or reduced taxes.

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT HEVs

More than 50 % of the conventional fleet owners will purchase alternative propulsion vehicles.

• More than 50 % of the conventional fleet owners will purchase alternative propulsion vehicles.

• Measures regarding the following aspects are ranged by fleet operators as very positive and important:

Alternative fuel use in the Municipal Transport Company (EMT) of Madrid (Spain)

• Alternative fuel use in the Municipal Transport Company (EMT) of Madrid (Spain)

• Use of biofuel
• 209 vehicles use biodiesel obtained from rapeseed and sunflower and 5 use bioethanol
• Use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
• 202 CNG vehicles and 62 refuelling posts
• Hybrid systems (diesel – electric)
• 20 buses
• Use of Fuel cells
• H2 Refuelling station able to fill the tank of the bus in 15 minutes and 350 bar pressure

HOW SUGRE MIGHT HELP YOU?

• Offering Site Visits Twice a Year with Workshop

• www.greenfleet.info

• Holding Training Workshops

• in certain cities, presenting strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for alternative fuels and alternative propulsion
• going beyond biodiesel including PPO/SVO pure plant oil, E95 ethanol in diesel electric, hybrid electric, battery electric..

• Training Materials Download

• at www.greenfleet.info