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9. The correct answer is (A). The past participle of to freeze is froze, not freezed.
(B) The main verb here is began, and the gerund contacting functions as its object.
(C) Their is a possessive pronoun that identifies the members. Notice that it is plural and agrees with
its plural referent groups.
(D) The preposition to is idiomatic here: “write ... to.”
10. The correct answer is (A). Him is an objective case pronoun and cannot be used as the subject of a
sentence. Here you need the nominative case pronoun he.
(B) The use of the past perfect had . . . discussed correctly places the action in the past and shows that
it was completed before another past action, in this case, that it was completed before Robert felt that
he did not need to attend the meeting.
(C) Although a pronoun used as the subject of a conjugated verb must be a nominative case pronoun,
the subject of an infinitive must be an objective case pronoun. So him is correct here.
(D) To attend is an infinitive and functions as a noun, here as the objective of the preposition of.
Attending, the gerund form, can be used as a noun but not here. The construction “necessary of
attending” is not idiomatic English.
11. The correct answer is (C). The subject of the sentence is history, not hieroglyphics. So the correct
verb is describes, not describe.
(A) The preposition by is used here idiomatically.
(B) The past participle called is used here is an adjective to modify the noun drawings.
(D) In great detail is an idiomatic prepositional phrase that is used here to modify describes.
12. The correct answer is (B). Standard written English requires the writing of complete sentences;
when a sentence contains two or more independent clauses, each must have its own conjugated verb.
(Each independent clause must be able to stand alone as a complete sentence.) A complete sentence
must have a conjugated verb, for example, have, has, or had. Neither the participle having nor the
infinitive to have is a conjugated verb. This item, therefore, is a fragment of a sentence—not a com-
plete sentence. You can make it a correct sentence by substituting have improved.
(A) Of is the correct preposition to use here.
(C) Dramatically is used here as an adverb. If the error in (B) is corrected, then dramatically will
correctly modify the new verb.
(D) But is a coordinate conjunction that is used here to join two independent clauses. (Once (B) is
corrected, the result will be another independent clause.) Notice that but correctly suggests the con-
trast desired by the speaker.

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